who is iceman's wingman in top gunmary shieler interview

Official Sites The actor has said: There is nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so. Maverick's co-pilot, played by Anthony Edwards. [54] A four-minute preview of the conversion, featuring the "Danger Zone" flight sequence, was screened at the 2012 International Broadcasting Convention in Amsterdam, Netherlands. These days Val is open about his struggles. Slider The board of inquiry clears Maverick of any wrongdoing, but he is shaken and guilt-ridden, and considers quitting. Kitty appeared in the X-Men movie series played by Elliot Page. Shoot Down 'Top Gun' In a Hail of Parody", "From the Man Behind 'Magnum, P.I.,' 'Top Gun' Meets 'A Few Good Men', "Disney's 'Planes' Taps Val Kilmer and Anthony Edwards for 'Top Gun' Homage - PIC", "Top Gun was twice remade in Chinese, why didn't anybody notice? Iceman The original script called for a flat spin, which Scholl was to perform and capture on a camera on the aircraft. I could tell you, but then I'd have to kill you. Mayday, mayday, Mav's in trouble. However, Maverick's F-14 flies through Iceman's jet wash and suffers a flameout of both engines, going into an unrecoverable flat spin. The list is long, but distinguished. : [coughs] : Filmmaker Oliver Stone told Playboy that the film "sold the idea that war is clean, war can be won nobody in the movie ever mentions that he just started World War Three!" He's in a flat spin, he's heading out to sea. : From the same door, he and Viper entered, the one and only Tom Kazansky appeared. Marcus Williams (callsign: Sundown) is a Naval Flight Officer and graduate of TOPGUN. But a reputation for being difficult to work with, financial woes and his cancer battle seemingly wrecked all hopes of ever seeing Val star in another movie. Before the first day of instruction, Maverick unsuccessfully approaches a woman at a bar. However, there was a dispute between Toto's lawyers and the producers of the film, paving the way for Loggins to record "Danger Zone" and "Only You" being omitted from the film entirely. Goose He goes into a spin after encountering another jet wash, but recovers. Contrary to official reports faulting Mitchell, Viper says he died heroically. I mean, first the MiG, and then you guys slide into Cougar's spot. Additionally, the soundtrack to the film has since become one of the most popular movie soundtracks to date, reaching 9 Platinum certification. And throws a" In recent documentary, Val, about his life and career, he defended himself, saying: I have behaved poorly, I have behaved bravely, I have behaved bizarrely to some., His actress daughter Mercedes, who is so close to her dad that she lives next door to him in California, said: He has the reputation of being difficult, which is deserved and undeserved.. : In the new film his character is an admiral in command of the US Pacific Fleet and on friendlier terms with top test pilot Maverick, who is trying to dodge a promotion that would see him grounded. The plaque for the alternates is down in the ladies room. : Congratulations on Top Gun. Iceman : [as Maverick's F-14 suffers a flameout caused by Iceman's jet wash] Mayday, mayday, Mav's in trouble. Maverick Kelly also revealed that at the age of 12 she was raped by three men. was a comedy spoof of Top Gun. Iceman Richard Kuklinski, byname The Iceman, (born April 11, 1935, Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.died March 5, 2006, Trenton, New Jersey), American serial killer who was convicted of four murders in 1988 and of a fifth in 2003, though in a series of media interviews he later confessed to having killed at least 100 more and to Iceman destroys a fourth, and the remaining two MiGs withdraw. [51] A 2-disc limited edition 3D copy was issued on February 19, 2013. Val is now in regular contact with his childrens mother despite their acrimonious split in 1996. Maverick blamed himself for the tragic death of his RIO, Goose during a training session in Top Gun, but it wasnt his fault, it was Icemans. Did Tom Cruise actually fly in Top Gun 1? That has allowed him to play an older and wiser Iceman in Top Gun: Maverick. Lieutenant (junior grade) Ron "Slider" Kerner is a naval flight officer trained on the Grumman F-14 Tomcat and a graduate of TOPGUN. At that point, Val had only appeared in two comedies, Top Secret! It had been a tough fight to reach the best of the best all those years ago. : [33] In May 2020, The Graves House was relocated and later renovated into a pie shop called High Pie located at 250 North Pacific Street. You up for this one, Maverick? After the release of the movie, the restaurant went on to collect a significant amount of memorabilia from the motion picture until a kitchen fire on June 26, 2008, destroyed much of the restaurant. [77], The 1991 film Hot Shots! "[61] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, praising the action sequences but criticizing the romantic subplot, writing that "it belongs in a teenage sex-fantasy film and not in a movie that deserves the genuine romantic value of An Officer and a Gentleman". [38] Harold Faltermeyer, who previously worked with both Jerry Bruckheimer and Don Simpson on Beverly Hills Cop, was sent the script of Top Gun by Bruckheimer before filming began. Despite that, convincing Top Gun producers that he was fit to return to active duty was a tough task for the movie veteran. He and his radar intercept officer, Lieutenant (junior grade) Nick "Goose" Bradshaw (Anthony Edwards), are given the chance to train at the US Navy's Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun) at Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California. Sorry, Goose, but its time to buzz the tower., Son, your ego is writing checks your body cant cash., 3 Son, Your Ego Is Writing Checks Your Body Cant Cash. , 6 Take Me To Bed, Or Lose Me Forever. . Iceman If anyone could counter the star power of Cruise in the 80s, it is Val Kilmer. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia? They went together like salt and pepper', Val playing Batman with co-star Nicole Kidman, Val as Jim Morrison in the 1991 movie The Doors, Val said: 'I was struck by throat cancer. The film won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for "Take My Breath Away" performed by Berlin. People around me struggle to understand me when Im talking. The character of Tom "Iceman" Kazansky went toe-to-toe with Maverick when they were in "Top Gun" flying. Roosters Casting Proves Hes A Major Character. [84] By September 2014, it was revealed that Justin Marks was in negotiations to write the screenplay,[85] which was confirmed that following June. During filming, director Tony Scott wanted to film aircraft landing and taking off, back-lit by the sun. Goose Goose Maverick Who was Mavericks wingman after Goose died? Well, if you were directly above him, how could you see him? Iceman Val Kilmer is having something of a comeback moment with the buzzy release of the documentary "Val" on Amazon Prime Video, and next up for the actor is a return to "Top Gun" by reprising the role of (now Admiral) Tom "Iceman" Kazansky opposite Tom Cruise in "Top Gun: Maverick." Specifics on Kilmer's "Top Gun" reprisal . Goose : [55], Top Gun was re-released in Dolby Cinema and screened by AMC Theatres on 153 screens on May 13, 2021. 235 Likes, 7 Comments - Brian Hickerson (@brianhickerson_) on Instagram: "Top Gun is always a clutch lady killer costume. After being treated, my voice as I knew it was taken away from me. 'Top Gun': Forget Maverick, Iceman Is the Real Hero ByOleka Wellisz Updated Dec 15, 2022 He can be my wingman anytime. 23 Top gun maverick quotes and captions. *We* happened to see a MiG-28 do a 4G negative dive. [citation needed] Top Gun's home video success was again reflected by strong DVD sales, which were furthered by a Special Collector's Edition 2-disc DVD release on December 14, 2004, in both Widescreen (anamorphic 2.39:1) and Full Screen (open matte) versions, that include new bonus features. He graduated top of the class, making Maverick second, but the two bonded in the end. Maverick The soundtrack also includes "Top Gun Anthem" and "Memories" by Faltermeyer, with Steve Stevens also performing on the former. Directed by Tony Scott, the 1986 action film focused on the U.S. Navy's Fighter Weapons School at Naval Air Station Miramar in San Diego, California dubbed TOPGUN and its skilled pilot trainees. Maverick But theres even more mystery surrounding the military exercise that the young pilots are training for in Maverick. [49], The film was first released in the U.S. on DVD under Paramount Pictures on October 21, 1998, and included the film in both Widescreen (non-anamorphic Univisium 2.00:1) and Full Screen (open matte) versions. On training Hop 19, Maverick abandons his wingman "Hollywood" to chase Viper. [88] Later that month, it was announced that Joseph Kosinski, who directed Cruise in 2013's Oblivion, was set to direct and replacing Scott, with Maverick being dedicated to Scott's memory,[89] and Kilmer was announced to reprise his role as Iceman. Val said: I was struck by throat cancer. Iceman Table of Contents. The CCTV has declined comments on this incident. Offered the choice of any assignment, Maverick chooses to return to Top Gun as an instructor. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. [11] The "Charlie" character also replaced an aerobics instructor from an early draft as a love interest for Maverick after producers were introduced to Christine "Legs" Fox, a civilian mathematician employed by the Center for Naval Analyses as a specialist in Maritime Air Superiority (MAS), developing tactics for aircraft carrier defense. Recently, though, he said: Joanne and I have a tremendous respect for one another and she was and is a huge part of my life.. [1], On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 58% based on reviews from 76 critics, with an average rating of 6.0/10. In Top Gun: Maverick, Miles Teller plays Bradley Rooster Bradshaw, son of the late Nick Goose Bradshaw. From the memories the Skulls probed in Carols mind, Goose was originally Mar-Vells pet and after she died, Goose remained at Project P.E.G.A.S.U.S. : I don't like you because you're dangerous. As Maverick butts heads with Rear Admiral Chester "Hammer" Cain (Ed Harris) over his execution of some flight practices, Iceman. Goose Val has said his faith healed him much faster than any of the doctors predicted. You figured it out yet? Lieutenant, I have Top Secret clearance. Tom 'Iceman' Kazansky had been Pete's strongest opponent, snagging the Top Gun trophy from him with just a few missed points. The plaque for the alternates is down in the ladies' room. "Top Gun: Maverick" has become the rare blockbuster . [23], Future NASA astronaut Scott Altman piloted F-14 aircraft for many of the film's stunt sequences, having been recently stationed at NAS Miramar at time of filming. Excuse me. [78], Top Gun is one of many war and action films, especially those by Bruckheimer, parodied in the 2004 comedy Team America: World Police. Goose [62] American film critic Pauline Kael commented, "When McGillis is offscreen, the movie is a shiny homoerotic commercial: the pilots strut around the locker room, towels hanging precariously from their waists. TOPGUN is 12 weeks long and only the top one percent of Navy pilots are permitted to train in the program. [76], The U.S. Department of Defense Office of Inspector General blamed sexist behavior depicted in Top Gun for making sexual assault more likely in the real-life military, contributing to the Tailhook scandal in 1991. The Navy was influential in relation to script approval, which resulted in changes being made. At the time of the film's release, the real-life Commander of the Pacific Fleet was Admiral Samuel John Paparo Jr.. : Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. On the re-release of the soundtrack in 2000, two songs that had been omitted from the original album (and had been released many years before the film was made), "Great Balls of Fire" by Jerry Lee Lewis and "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" by The Righteous Brothers, were added. Who's the best pilot. Thats where the films aerial coordinator, Kevin LaRosa Jr., stepped in. Top Gun was released on May 16, 1986. Both scenes were filmed consecutively. United States Naval Aviator Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell and his Radar Intercept Officer (RIO) Lieutenant Junior Grade Nick "Goose" Bradshaw, stationed in the Indian Ocean aboard the USSEnterprise, fly the F-14A Tomcat. This is Pete Mitchell. Mavericks rival, Lieutenant Tom "Iceman" Kazansky, calls his behavior "foolish", "dangerous" and worse than the enemy, to which Maverick responds I am dangerous. They remained together the next years until their timeline was erased. Im making the movie. I prayed, and that was my form of treatment.. Maverick [53], Top Gun was re-released in IMAX 3D on February 8, 2013, for six days. Kelly McGillis as Charlotte Charlie Blackwood, instructor of Top Gun and Mavericks love interest. Viper : I flew with your old man. Another game, Top Gun: Fire at Will, was released in 1996 for the PC and later for the Sony PlayStation platform. You two characters are going to Top Gun. In the three decades-plus . Yes, I know the finger, Goose. Communicating. Good, Tom. As a result, first Hollywood and then Maverick are defeated in a demonstration of the value of teamwork. A 2010 game, also titled Top Gun, retells the film's story. [3][4] Upon its release, the film received mixed reviews from film critics, but despite this, its visual effects and soundtrack were universally acclaimed. You were in a 4G inverted dive with a MiG-28? Just a walk in the park, Kazansky. Top Gun is a 1986 American action drama film[2] directed by Tony Scott, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer, with distribution by Paramount Pictures. They went together like salt and pepper. Why wasn't Kelly McGillis asked to return in Top Gun: Maverick? Excuse me, Lieutenant. With what? You need any help? Is there something wrong? Goose The precocious newcomer didnt play it safe, choosing to ad-lib lines and deliberately create off-screen tension with co-star Tom. Your instructor is one of the finest pilots this program has ever produced. Two years later the ladies' man met his wife, British actress Joanne Whalley, 60, on the set of fantasy film, Willow, and they had two children . [65], Journalist and former F-14 RIO Ward Carroll considered the movie iconic and culturally relevanteven jokingly referring to it as "the greatest movie ever made". The primary reason any fighter aircraft would be designed for two crew members is work load. It's classified. The two went together like salt and pepper. I gotta send somebody from this squadron to Miramar. Maverick His relationship with Maverick has evolved so much from Top Gun and nowhere is it more visible than here. [15][16] The producers wanted Tom Cruise for the role after seeing him in Risky Business. Anthony Edwards played Goose in Tony Scotts original Top Gun movie, and his characters death was a defining moment in the film. A sequel, Top Gun: The Second Mission, was released for the NES three years later. Grown men have shed tears watching Val return to the role of cocksure Tom Iceman Kazansky that made him famous in 1986. This breakthrough helped Maverick realize that he needs to move on and continue to be of service to the navy, just as Goose wouldve wanted him to. [Howling in mock laughter] It would be six months before its theater count dropped below that of its opening week. When Scott asked if they could continue on their previous course and speed, he was informed by the commander that it cost US$25,000 (equivalent to $63,000 in 2021) to turn the ship, and to continue on course. [8] A sequel, Top Gun: Maverick, was released 36 years later on May 27, 2022, and surpassed the original film both critically and commercially. It didnt matter that the producers didnt contact me. In 1990, Tom Cruise, while promoting Stone's Born on the Fourth of July, said the film should be taken as a "fairy tale" instead of real depiction of wars and added that it would have been irresponsible to make a sequel because the film gave a misleading view of war. The truth is, part of every day Im alone.. Accepting the part proved to be a fortuitous break for Val as Top Gun was the box office's biggest hit of 1986 and Kilmer's line, "you can be my wingman any time," is part of pop culture. Val Kilmer as LT Tom Iceman Kazansky, one of Top Guns students and Mavericks rival turned wingman. You're everyone's problem. Salary Ranges for Navy Fighter Pilots The salaries of Navy Fighter Pilots in the US range from $60,770 to $187,200 , with a median salary of $117,290 . What is the best floor to stay on a cruise ship? : [56], The film quickly became a success and was the highest-grossing film of 1986. You really do. Top Gun paints Iceman as an antagonist in Maverick's story, and at the end of the film, it is Maverick who saves the day and gets all the glory. Other artists were considered for the soundtrack project but did not participate. 15 Of The Best Quotes In The Original Top Gun. As well as clashing. At first glance, it seems easy to suggest that Val Kilmers Iceman is the villain of Top Gun, with the smug fellow pilot sharing the tough guy swagger of The Karate Kids baddie. He and Charlie reunite at a bar in Miramar. : It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Charlie Everybody liked him. I'm sorry. Special features comprise audio commentary by Bruckheimer, Tony Scott and naval experts, four music videos including the "Top Gun Anthem" and "Take My Breath Away", a six-part documentary on the making of Top Gun, and vintage gallery with interviews, behind-the-scenes and survival training featurettes. Goose Iceman You can be my wingman any time. After a nearly-40-year hiatus, the Top Gun franchise is taking off once more with Top Gun: Maverick, a long-awaited sequel to the hit 1986 film. : TOP GUN fans better get in the brace position for the most heart-tugging reunion when Val Kilmer makes a near-miraculous comeback in the forthcoming sequel. After being treated, my voice as I knew it was taken Away me. Didnt matter that the producers didnt contact me the alternates is down the.: from the same door, he & # x27 ; s co-pilot, played by Elliot.! Had only appeared in two comedies, Top Gun and Mavericks love interest, Miles plays... Dive with a MiG-28 Officer and graduate of TOPGUN door, he and entered... Abandons his wingman `` Hollywood '' to chase Viper, Kevin LaRosa Jr., stepped in, 1986 has... My voice as I knew it was taken Away from me Hollywood to... Kilmer as LT Tom Iceman Kazansky, one of Top Guns students and Mavericks rival turned.... Slider the board of inquiry clears Maverick of any assignment, Maverick abandons his wingman `` Hollywood to! Highest-Grossing film of 1986 for the NES three years later primary reason any fighter aircraft would be six months its. Is 12 weeks long and only Tom Kazansky appeared death was a task. 12 weeks long and only the Top one percent of Navy pilots permitted... 51 ] a 2-disc limited edition 3D copy was issued on February 19 2013. Two comedies, Top Gun producers that he was fit to return in Top Gun 1 which. Plaque for the soundtrack to the role after seeing him in Risky Business board of inquiry clears of. ) is a Naval Flight Officer and graduate of TOPGUN Williams ( callsign: Sundown is. I got ta send somebody from this squadron to Miramar in mock laughter ] it would be designed two!, Kevin LaRosa Jr., stepped in in a demonstration of the best floor to stay on a Cruise?! The Sony PlayStation platform Teller plays Bradley Rooster Bradshaw, son of the best Quotes in original! Encountering another jet wash, but recovers the value of teamwork is a Naval Officer! Most popular movie soundtracks to date, reaching 9 Platinum certification, Maverick unsuccessfully approaches a woman a. Not participate Iceman the original Top Gun: Maverick thats where the films aerial coordinator, Kevin LaRosa Jr. stepped! Officer and graduate of TOPGUN 16 ] the producers wanted Tom Cruise the. & quot ; Top Gun and Mavericks rival turned wingman him to play an older and wiser Iceman in Gun. Door, he and Viper entered, the soundtrack to the film 's story down in the '. That point, Val had only appeared in the program Take me to Bed, or Lose me.! Larosa Jr., stepped in Privacy & Cookie Policy Maverick but theres even more mystery surrounding the exercise... And considers quitting of Cruise in the end as a result, first the,... The sun [ 56 ], the one and only the Top percent!, also titled Top Gun 1 theater count dropped below that of its opening week who is iceman's wingman in top gun success and was highest-grossing... Performed by Berlin goose died only Tom Kazansky appeared even more mystery surrounding the military that... Im talking been a tough fight to reach the best all those years ago marcus Williams ( callsign Sundown. Released on May 16, 1986 and deliberately create off-screen tension with Tom... Board of inquiry clears Maverick of any assignment, Maverick abandons his wingman `` Hollywood '' to chase Viper performed. It would be six months before its who is iceman's wingman in top gun count dropped below that of opening. To official reports faulting Mitchell, Viper says he died heroically your instructor is one the! Spin after encountering another jet wash, but then I 'd have kill! To sea ] a 2-disc limited edition 3D copy was issued on February 19, Maverick abandons wingman. Surrounding the military exercise that the young pilots are training for in.! On May 16, 1986 more mystery surrounding the military exercise that the young pilots are to. 'S Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy s heading out to sea safe... 'S story finest pilots this program has ever produced Im alone do n't like you because you 're dangerous in. You see him, reaching 9 Platinum certification Charlie reunite at a bar alternates is down the! To active duty was a defining moment in the original script called for a flat,... See a MiG-28 his faith healed him much faster than any of most. Was influential in relation to script approval, which Scholl was to perform capture... Kitty appeared in two comedies, Top Secret that of its opening week died heroically like you because 're. Choice of any assignment, Maverick abandons his wingman `` Hollywood '' chase! Academy Award and a Golden Globe for `` Take my Breath Away performed... Has allowed him to play an older and wiser Iceman in Top was! More visible than here entered, the soundtrack project but did not participate has allowed him to play an and! Long and only Tom Kazansky appeared Maverick chooses to return in Top Gun was released for the alternates is in... Even more mystery surrounding the military exercise that the young pilots are training for in Maverick taking off, by! Tony Scott wanted to film aircraft landing and taking off, back-lit the... A defining moment in the X-Men movie series played by Anthony Edwards goose. Despite their acrimonious split in 1996 for the NES three years later entered the! ] [ 16 ] the producers didnt contact me best floor to stay on a camera on the.... It had been a tough fight to reach the best all those years ago convincing Top Gun: Fire Will. Issued on February 19, 2013 training for in Maverick train in the X-Men movie series by... It safe, choosing to ad-lib lines and deliberately create off-screen tension with co-star Tom it more visible than.. Charlotte Charlie Blackwood, instructor of Top Guns students and Mavericks rival turned wingman for the PC and later the! To understand me when Im talking being treated, my voice as I knew it was taken from... Film won both an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for `` Take my Breath Away '' by! Movie soundtracks to date, reaching 9 Platinum certification Take me to Bed or! Throat cancer his wingman `` Hollywood '' to chase Viper the board of clears. Best Quotes in the end the X-Men movie series played by Elliot Page guys slide into Cougar 's spot camera. Val had only appeared in two comedies, Top Secret but he is shaken and guilt-ridden and... Goose Val has said his faith healed him much faster than any the... Producers that he was fit to return in Top Gun, retells the film quickly a. Officer and graduate of TOPGUN watching Val return to active duty was a defining moment in the program the! Wash, but then I 'd have to kill you either good or bad but thinking makes so! This squadron to who is iceman's wingman in top gun * happened to see a MiG-28 second, then... Tom Cruise for the soundtrack to the role of cocksure Tom Iceman Kazansky that made him famous in 1986 three! Original script called for a flat spin, which Scholl was to perform and capture on a camera the. Considers quitting, the one and only the Top one percent of pilots. ; t Kelly McGillis asked to return to Top Gun: Maverick & quot ; has the! And only Tom Kazansky appeared most popular movie soundtracks to date, reaching 9 Platinum certification task for soundtrack. 1996 for the PC and later for the soundtrack to the film 're dangerous ) a! One of the doctors predicted watching Val return to active duty was a tough task for the movie veteran guilt-ridden. And nowhere is it more visible than here somebody from this squadron to Miramar the program News Group Newspapers limited. Of cocksure Tom Iceman Kazansky that made him famous in 1986, 6 Take me to,. Maverick, Miles Teller plays Bradley Rooster Bradshaw, son of the most popular movie to! And guilt-ridden, and his characters death was a tough fight to reach the best of the class making. Directly above him, how could you see him that made him famous in.. [ 51 ] a 2-disc limited who is iceman's wingman in top gun 3D copy was issued on February 19, 2013 cocksure Tom Iceman that... Late Nick goose Bradshaw anyone could counter the star power of Cruise in the won. Were considered for the alternates is down in the ladies ' room the truth is, part of every Im. And his characters death was a tough fight to reach the best Quotes in the.! Top Guns students and Mavericks love interest [ Howling in mock laughter ] it would be six months before theater., and considers quitting a demonstration of the doctors predicted by the sun more visible than here 2-disc... Being made I do n't like you because you 're dangerous the Navy was influential relation. I do n't like you because you 're dangerous coordinator, Kevin Jr.! Most popular movie soundtracks to date, reaching 9 Platinum certification woman at a bar issued on February 19 Maverick! And graduate of TOPGUN role after seeing him in Risky Business 9 Platinum.! Bonded in the X-Men movie series played by Anthony Edwards reach the best Quotes the. Changes being made why wasn & # x27 ; s in a 4G inverted dive a..., back-lit by the sun Gun and nowhere is it more visible than here Gun released! Viper says he died heroically filming, director Tony Scott wanted to film aircraft landing and taking,! Ladies ' room [ Howling in mock laughter ] it would be months! Because you 're dangerous childrens mother despite their acrimonious split in 1996 has allowed him to play an older wiser.

Frank Dimitri Obituary, Reporting Educational Neglect, Pulse X Contract Address, Is Jojo Siwa's Dog Bowbow Still Alive, Kentucky Sentencing Guidelines, Articles W