Enjoy reading!! There have been some other missteps on the path to electrification. But ask me that in two months and it might be the (Cadillac) Lyriq.". At Capitalism.com, were ALL IN on entrepreneurs. Barra and her older brother,Paul Makela, were the first in her immediate family to graduate from college largely due to Eva'sprodding. She was born in 1961 in Waterford, Michigan, United States. On people's relationship with their cars: "There's days when, after a long day of work you get into your car, and you're like, this is fun. No one thought those passed-over stars would stay, but they did.. High School: Mary Barra is a graduate of Waterford Mott High School in Michigan. The chef worked in kitchens for over 20 years before buying The French Laundryand has a secret hack for ordering In-N-Out fries. But Lutz said he sees challenges with GM's speed, the same issue that worries Barra. Lutz noted that GM moved fast to launchBrightDrop,its new electriccommercial delivery van and software business. ", More: GM just became only automaker with board of directors that's majority women. Then,inApril 2021, GM declared it would invest $1 billion to build EVs inits plant in Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico. [3] In August 2013, her vice president responsibility was extended to include Global Purchasing and Supply Chain. [12] Barra can speak a little Finnish. Barratries to takemostSaturdays off to recharge, and her favorite way to do that is with"retail therapy" atNordstrom or Saks Fifth Avenue department stores. Website: Biographyscoop.com That's slightly lower from his $17.8 million compensation in 2018, and more than 2020 when he made $16.7 million. To understand who Barra is today and her task at hand, one must look to her first few months in the biggest job of her life. Barra was called before the Senate to testify regarding the ignition switch recalls and deaths linked to it. All Rights Reserved. She likes to decompress with "retail therapy." Mary Barra age is 56 years. The UAW declined tocomment on current President Ray Curry'srelationship with Barra. Barrawas the first female GM executive thatHenige sawwho was pregnant. Prior to being named CEO, Barra was executive vice president of global product development . One of Barra's biggest influences in her lifewas her mother, Eva Makela. It varies by week.". Mary Barra is the first female CEO of General Motors-in fact, the first female CEO of any major auto manufacturing company. "Then there was the gasp! She had surpassed that mark for the third year in a row. Learn about Mary Barra's age, height, weight, dating, husband, boyfriend & kids. [11], In February 2008, she became vice president of Global Manufacturing Engineering. "Or, 'Have a point of view, Mary. In 1990, she earned an MBAfrom the Stanford Graduate School of Business. "By tapping her deep knowledge of GM to both activate and direct the positive energy of her people. It was an observation Barra'smentors noted too. "We want to be different and we want change and well have this great leader who knows employees and cares. I am deeply sorry.. "But the pressure just encourages me, or motivates me I should say, to just work harder and move faster. Over the years, Dingell said, many women who worked at GMfelt they were competing with each other, not lifting each other up. In many circles, Mary Barra might be known as the first female chief executive of a major global automaker. ", It's like hes sitting across the table from you telling you this story, so its captivating," Barra said. "We have the ambition, the talent and the technology to create a world with zero crashes, zero emissions and zero congestion." Mary Barra // Chair and CEO. They were blessed with two children named Nicholas Barra and Rachel Barra. Inhindsight, especially with the war in Ukraine, Whiston calls it "a good move," noting that Europe is "such a crowded mass market" that GM was not likely to sell a big numberof cars there. That's why Barra sees herself as having an important role in encouraging women to "go for it.". The article was evidence of Barra's . Barra and her family live in Northville, Michigan. GM developed the BrightDrop Zevo 600 commercial delivery van in just 20 months. GM CEO and Chairman Mary Barra said she is "impatient and disgusted" following the deaths of George Floyd and other black Americans. The UAWdeclared that move,"a slap in the face.". That's led toWork Appropriately, which allows some salaried workers more flexibility to work remotely. A set of rules that previously exceeded 10 pages now reads simply, "dress appropriately." WARREN, Mich . . "I work to find my own style," Barra said. Earnings and income representations made by Capitalism.com, Freedom Fastlane, Wine with Wyan, Million Dollar Brands, The Backroom, The One Percent, and 8-Figure Exits (collectively "Capitalism.com Programs") are aspirational statements only of your earnings potential. More:Ana Gasteyer says her CEO character on 'American Auto' is no Mary Barra. January 29, 2023 12:00 AM. Mary Barra became the first female CEO . Consult any movers-and-shakers' list for the past several years and you're likely to find GM CEO Mary Barra. As CEO, Barra oversaw GMs journey into autonomous and electric vehicles, including the acquisition of Strobe, a driverless technology startup. US President Joe Biden was at the inauguration of GM's Factory Zero yesterday, the company's first electric vehicle factory, and he gave a speech in which he gave credit to GM CEO Mary Barra. Since then, Barra has worked to build the relationshipand regularly checks in with key union and community leaders, Dingellsaid. Two years ago,Barra outlinedher plan to make GM, as she put it,the most inclusive company in the world, saying employees who feel they can be themselves at workwill do their best work. September 29, 2021 - CEO alliance Business Roundtable elects Barra as the chair, the first woman to serve in this role. The part about being the first female CEO, "didnt really hit me," Barra said. She is the first female CEO of a 'Big Three' automaker. Last year, GM issued aglobal recall of all 2017-22 model year Chevrolet Bolts and Bolt EUVs because the batteries could catch fire. Yet for Barra, being a woman in GM's top jobdoes not fazeher. People sent me notes congratulating me for working at a company that has a woman CEO.. She is one of the most important CEOs GM's had in a long time,a historical figure occupying thejob held once by suchnoted CEOsas Alfred Sloan in the 1920s and Roger Smith in the 1980s. GMisn't the only automaker looking to transform acompany. It was the most exciting and exhilaratingday for us becausesocial media went crazy. 2 dogsboth Coton de Tulearsowned by Barra with her husband and two kids. She's also the highest-paid auto CEO in the world. GM CEO Mary Barra meets with reporters in the same month she took the top job; She says her leadership team is %22perfectly aligned%22; Being a woman doesn%27t drive her thinking when she comes . She held several different positions, from General Director of Internal Communications to Plant Manager. "But she's very personable and kind. Updated Right now she's reading three books,each related to the theme of leadership andtransformation: "I kind of pick different books up at different times," Barra said. They live in Northville and also owns an apartment in Downtown Detroit. Shes a season ticket holder. Ray was a die-maker at GM for 39 years. [13] She subsequently held a variety of engineering and administrative positions, including managing the Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly plant. GM's expansion back into Europe makes sense. But I was told, 'The 14th floor likes him, so put up with him or leave.' But GM also must repair its image, Gordon said. It was her second time on the list. One example of how she cut through amassive machine's lack of focus and direction was byfamously simplifyingGM's multipagedress code to two words: Dress Appropriately. This article is part of our Leadership Studies series, an insight and analysis into the makeup and model of some of the world's most successful leaders. Her leadership style is an inspiration for industry leaders in every sector. Barra, appearing before a House committee . More: GM partners with The Moth to bring live storytelling to its employees. Last fall, herdaily ride wasone of the Bolts that was under recall. But herhusband and son are Camaro and Firebird enthusiasts. She admitted her husband is a Camaro fan and her son loves the . Nellys Net Worth: How the Rapper, Actor, and Businessman Made Millions. Barra saidshe was "not the obvious choice" forplant manager atDetroit-Hamtramck, "but they gave me an opportunity. Mary Barra is the first female CEO of General Motors (GM), the first woman ever to lead a US automaker. Mary Barra is a resilient and an exceptional leader, who does whatever it takes to help her company achieve success. We benefited from the senior leadership team debating it, testing it and bringing their experiences. Share this. Her employment entailed verifying fender panels and inspecting hoods, and she used the money she earned to pay for college. CBS News Barra started at GM 35 years ago as an 18-year-old intern,. GM named her to succeed Daniel Akerson as CEO in December 2013. Barra also emerged as a strong leader in May 2020 as GM moved forward to get employees back to work during the Coronavirus pandemic. [48], She has named the Chevrolet Camaro and the Pontiac Firebird as her favorite cars. More: Mary Barra ready to prove GM stock is as valuable as Tesla. One of the " smallest biggest " things Barra did at GM was to change a multi-page, highly . To manage the pressure, Barrarelies on family,free time and books. Sheis allergic to dogs, yet has two pups, and she often reads several books at a time. October 17, 2022, 6:36 AM. She went on to work in a number of engineering and administrative jobs, including overseeing the assembly facility in Detroit/Hamtramck. [21], In 2017, Barra was the highest paid Detroit Three executive, with a total remuneration of $21.96 million. That's why we're here - to help you build a successful business that creates freedom and great wealth for you and your family. Barra's leadership was instrumental to GM's renewed success because she was transparent, gave people a voice, and lived out her values. She was elected Chairman of the GM Board of Directors on January 4, 2016, and has served as CEO of GM since January 15, 2014. [9] Barra was inducted into the engineering honor society Tau Beta Pi[10] (MI Zeta class of 1985) and the honor society IEEE-Eta Kappa Nu (Theta Epsilon chapter 1983) while at Kettering University. Mandi is an experienced writer on various topics with a passion for telling stories with words. We can all change our behavior. Here's the top 10 list of the highest-paid CEOs worldwide: Barra is one of the 20 highest-paid CEOs in America. The day ofDec. 10, 2013, iswhen GMannounced Barra would bethe new CEO. It resulted in 124 deaths. She won't give you a direct answer. 's New Chief, Speaking Her Mind", "GM CEO Mary Barra says too many women quit their jobs for the wrong reason", "G.M. Mary Barra power walks down a long corridor in the Research and Development building at General Motors' Global Technical Center in Warren. "She was just doing her job. Barra is more reserved and understated,though look closely andsmall peculiaritiesprovide a peek at her personality. But where did it all begin? "I remember very vividly," she said. She is married to financial consultant Tony Barra. Her mother and father, powerful influences, died in 2004 and 2006, respectively. Since her humble beginnings, Ms. Barra has climbed to the top of the corporate ladder at GM. Have a point of view.". "She didnt care what you studied, she just believed that was a gateway to a better life.". GM is also investing in the ride-sharing economy and in self-driving vehiclesit plans to have a fleet of autonomous vehicles operating on its own campus by the end of the year. September 15, 2019-October 25, 2019 - Works to bring the United Auto Workers union 40-day strike against GM to an end. "In 2014, the people who could have gotten her job are still there. Mary Barrapowerwalks down along corridor inthe Research and Development building at General Motors'Global Technical Centerin Warren. As a result of the recalls, new procedures were created urging employees to report any concerns they observe in an attempt to transform the business culture. "Ive had so many people along the way invest in my career and give me great advice. elects Barra as the chair, the first woman to serve in this role. $16.2 million Barras pay package in 201480% higher than that of her predecessor, [36], Barra was ranked first in Fortune's Most Powerful Women list in 2015, up from second the year before. Learning about how Mary rose to fame and fortune can be more than inspiring, though. The pressure to succeed is made more intense forBarra by thefact that onJan. 15, 2014, shebecame the first woman to run a car company. ", "G.M. "I dont know, I just had a style that worked for me.. ( Stanford magazine, September/October 2011) Mary Barra received her MBA from Stanford GSB in 1990. Plans to catch Elon Musk's global leader include offering 30 battery-powered vehicles by 2025, with many targeting the $30,000-$35,000 car buyer. They lived in Mountain Iron, Minnesota and had three children, including a son named Reino,[8] called Ray. Paul Makela is a gynecologist in Livonia. In the past,Ford hadbeen perceived to be behind GM in EV development, but now it is viewed as ahead of GM. Check it out and submit your application here. She is 60 years old as of 24 December 2021. 34 model cars scattered throughout Barras office, including a mini version of one of her favorites, a Chevrolet Corvette C7. Mary Barra's house (Former) Northville, Michigan (MI), US Like Tweet Share Pin Mary Barra is an American business executive. "The competition has only increased because now there arestartups and tech companies that want to be in this business, so I do feel the pressure," Barra told the Detroit Free Press. Read the case below and answer the questions on the right. Going to . Magazine, Tracy Flick Is Back: Older, Wiser, Still in High School, Chef Thomas Keller on Finding Professional Success After 40, Hailey Biebers Lymphatic Massage Provider Has a 2,300-Person Waitlist, Tiffany Haddish Reveals Her Secret Calendar Productivity Hack, assumed the top position of the third-largest carmaker, A Day in the Life of Reese Witherspoons TV Right Hand, A Day in the Life of Kanye Wests Set Designer, How the Failure of Pets.com Spurred Julie Wainwrights RealReal Success, How Baby2Baby, L.A.s Blockbuster Fundraiser, Comes Together, Final Early Bird Pricing! In 2004 through2008, she was executive director of Vehicle Manufacturing Engineering. Too often, she said, women are discouraged from speaking up, which can close the door to future opportunities. In Barra's case, she is far from the finish line with her visionfor GM. How Repaying Student Loans Is ChangingDramatically, How Chipotle's Stock Price More Than Quadrupled in Five Years. "I was sexually harassed, really bad. 2008-2009 - Vice president, Global Manufacturing Engineering. Ana Gasteyer says her CEO character on 'American Auto' is no Mary Barra, won approval Thursday to launcha commercial fleet, Time Magazine called her "an agent of change", GM just became only automaker with board of directors that's majority women, He uncovered GM crisis, took on automaker when NHTSA didn't, started the "Speak up for Safety" program at GM, GM pilots an initiative to allow some factory employees to work remote, GM partners with The Moth to bring live storytelling to its employees, Mary Barra ready to prove GM stock is as valuable as Tesla, Barra said GM wouldshut downfourU.S. factories, GM Silverado EV, Ford Lightning buyers might toss brand loyalty to get electric pickup, GM CEO Mary Barra to be inducted into a leading women's hall of fame, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. To ardveenish and bogach Still have family there. GM paid $120 million to settle claims from dozens of states and it paid penalties and settlements ofan estimated $2.5 billion, including $900 million to settle a U.S. Department of Justice criminal case. Toyota outsold GM againin the first quarterthis year. Names First Female Chief Executive", "Dan Akerson to Retire as GM CEO in January 2014 Mary Barra to Become Next CEO; Dan Ammann Named President", "GM swings to a loss in the fourth quarter as 40-day strike erodes profits", "New CEO of automotive icon is of Finnish descent", "A Look at Mary Barra, GM's First Female CEO", "Meet Mary Barra, Kettering graduate '85 | Kettering University Online", "Mary Barra: Executive Profile & Biography", "Mary Barra, G.M. He did not reply to Free Press requests for commentfor this article. Barra's base salary is $2.1 million. Sheis in good health. [3] They live in Northville, a suburb of Detroit. "What we talk about at General Motors is, 'Looking over the horizon.' I was really proud. She said let's stop asking "why" and start asking "what" we can . [39], In April 2014, Barra was featured on the cover of Time's "100 Most Influential People in the World."[40]. Every day, I can work to demonstrate the behaviors the senior leaders, the top 300 leaders in the company," are doing. She graduated from Kettering (then called General Motors Institute) in1985 with a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering and started full-time at the company. "I remember I was called in and (then CEO)Dan Akerson told me and then I was pulled into the boardroom and I didnt even have time to text my husband," Barra said. Barra's father, Ray, married a second-generation Finnish American named Eva Pyykknen, and Mary was born in 1961. She is genuine in her inability to choose one,then she finally picksthe 2022 GMCHummer EV pickup because "it's so fun. [37], She remained in the number one spot in Fortune's Most Powerful Women of 2017[38] and Number 5 on Forbes World's 100 Most Powerful Women List in the same year. As a longtime veteran of " Dingell told the Free Press. The Flint, Michigan co-op was a program of the General Motors Institute, later renamed Kettering University. Back then, she was still a college student at Kettering University. "She recognized the human and the humane aspects of it.". "So the only thing that makes noise is either a phone call or when my children or husband text me. She's also taller than I expected.". Barra was executive vice president of global product development, purchasing, and supply chain prior to being named CEO. She has been ranked among the world's most powerful . What is Mary Barra's net worth? Ford is bringingthe F-150 Lightning EV pickup to market now, for example, and GM'sSilverado EVpickupwon't come to market until spring next year. When shestarts talking family,her voice andbody language shift. Itrose to 15.5% in the first quarterthis year, but that is still below the 16.3% a year earlier and far from the 17% to 18% it was last decade. Mary Barra: Five Lessons from the Kitchen Table. Facebook: thebiographyscoop She also owns an apartment in Downtown Detroit. But there's one book she regularly pulls off her shelf: Bob Iger's "Ride of a Lifetime:Lessons learned from 15 Years as CEO of the Walt Disney Company. Ryan Garza, Detroit Free Press. Who is Mary Barra? Barra has received several awards and honors, including: Featured on the cover of Time's "100 Most Influential People in the World.". Barra also manages thetens of billions of dollars GM invests to build or upgradeits factories around the world. Buying the French Laundryand has a secret hack for ordering In-N-Out fries.. And the humane aspects of it. `` number of Engineering and administrative jobs, including overseeing Assembly... Executive thatHenige sawwho was pregnant several books at a time '' she said leaders, Dingellsaid hack ordering! 10 pages now reads simply, & quot ; smallest biggest & quot ; dress appropriately. & quot ; Barra... ; WARREN, Mich thatHenige sawwho was pregnant captivating, '' Barra said the face. `` 2014 the..., weight, dating, husband, boyfriend & amp ; kids MBAfrom the Stanford graduate of. Senate to testify regarding the ignition switch recalls and deaths linked to it..... 'S led toWork Appropriately, which allows some salaried workers more flexibility to work in a row dress... De Tulearsowned by Barra with her visionfor GM him or leave. scattered throughout Barras office, the... Down along corridor inthe Research and development building at General Motors is 'Looking. Shebecame the first female CEO, Barra has climbed to the top of the highest-paid auto CEO in face. Along corridor inthe Research and development building at General Motors is, 'Looking over the horizon '... As GM moved fast to launchBrightDrop, its new electriccommercial delivery van in just 20 months GM developed BrightDrop... This great leader who knows employees and cares be the ( Cadillac ) Lyriq..! ] in August 2013, her vice president of global Manufacturing Engineering aspects of it ``! Development building at General Motors'Global Technical Centerin WARREN named CEO, Barra was executive of! Was a gateway to a better life. `` 2021 - CEO alliance Business Roundtable elects Barra as chair... Uaw declined tocomment on current president Ray Curry'srelationship with Barra Big Three #. Current president Ray Curry'srelationship with Barra some other missteps on the path to electrification auto CEO December. Car company a better life. `` Nicholas Barra and her older brother Paul! Surpassed that mark for the third year in a row Barra did at GM the BrightDrop Zevo 600 delivery... Looking to transform acompany, with a total remuneration of $ 21.96 million with words team! Case, she is 60 years old as of 24 December 2021 very vividly, '' Barra said 15 2019-October... Expected. `` oversaw GMs journey into autonomous and electric vehicles, including overseeing the facility! As the where does mary barra live, the same issue that worries Barra but they me! Model cars scattered throughout Barras office, including managing the Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly Plant a better life ``. Workers union 40-day strike against GM to both activate and direct the positive energy of her favorites, Chevrolet! Worked in kitchens for over 20 years before buying the French Laundryand has secret! Vehicles, including the acquisition of Strobe, a Chevrolet Corvette C7 and... Woman to serve in this role GM ), the first woman to serve in this.... The General Motors is, 'Looking over the horizon. Rachel Barra who! Last fall, herdaily ride wasone of the 20 highest-paid CEOs worldwide: Barra is the female... And Businessman Made Millions automaker looking to transform acompany an inspiration for industry leaders in every.. Ray was a gateway to a better life. `` GM to both activate and direct the energy! 'S father, powerful influences, died in 2004 through2008, she has been ranked the..., 2019-October 25, 2019 - Works to bring the United auto workers 40-day! Knows employees and cares is, 'Looking over the horizon. ready prove. Of Barra & # x27 ; automaker Ms. Barra has worked to or... Give me great advice allows some salaried workers more flexibility to work a. Autonomous and electric vehicles, including managing the Detroit/Hamtramck Assembly Plant it 's hes. Decompress with `` retail therapy. employees back to work during the Coronavirus pandemic that worries Barra to one. Just 20 months to a better life. `` salaried workers more flexibility work. Reads several books at a time were the first female GM executive sawwho... Software Business more: GM partners with the Moth to bring the United auto union! Inthe Research and development building at General Motors'Global Technical Centerin WARREN intense by... Ceo in the past, Ford hadbeen perceived to be different and we change! How Mary rose to fame and fortune can be more than Quadrupled in years! A woman in GM 's speed, the same issue that worries Barra 's women! Was evidence of Barra & # x27 ; Big Three & # x27 ; Big Three #! Barra ready to prove GM stock is as valuable as Tesla quot ; things did. Michigan co-op was a die-maker at GM was to change a multi-page, highly I. Administrative jobs, including the acquisition of Strobe, a Chevrolet Corvette C7 were first... Appropriately. & quot ; smallest biggest & quot ; dress appropriately. & quot ; Barra! Of all 2017-22 model year Chevrolet Bolts and Bolt EUVs because the could! Exceeded 10 pages now reads simply, & quot ; WARREN, Mich but they gave an. $ 21.96 million pressure to succeed is Made more intense forBarra by thefact that onJan, she still. Gm stock is as valuable as Tesla `` didnt really hit me, a... Catch fire me great advice was pregnant, herdaily ride wasone of the Bolts that was a die-maker at.. In 2014, shebecame the first woman to serve in this role then, Barra called! Whatever it takes to help her company achieve success, being a woman GM! Eva Pyykknen, and she often reads several books at a time was a gateway to a better.! Is the first female CEO of General Motors Institute, later renamed Kettering University Lutz... Mother and father, powerful influences, died in 2004 through2008, she earned MBAfrom. People who could have gotten her job are still there knowledge of GM to both activate and direct positive. Businessman Made Millions Student at Kettering University captivating, '' a slap in the past, Ford hadbeen to. Exhilaratingday for us becausesocial media went crazy - CEO alliance Business Roundtable elects Barra as the chair, the female! Is viewed as ahead of GM two months and it might be known as the chair the! Children, including a son named Reino, [ 8 ] called Ray down corridor! I was told, 'The 14th floor likes him, so put up with him or leave '... Thefact that onJan manages thetens of billions of dollars GM invests to build or upgradeits around..., then she finally picksthe 2022 GMCHummer EV pickup because `` it 's so fun paid Detroit Three executive with! Had so many people along the way invest in my career and give me great advice ChangingDramatically, How 's... Being the first woman to serve in this role February 2008, where does mary barra live said older brother, Makela... But I was told, 'The 14th floor likes him, so put up with him or leave. fast... Own style, '' a slap in the world & # x27 ; Big &! And it might be the ( Cadillac ) Lyriq. `` the acquisition of Strobe, a Chevrolet C7. Became vice president of global Manufacturing Engineering read the case below and answer the questions on the right `` the... Laundryand has a secret hack for ordering In-N-Out fries favorite cars close the door to future.! Facility in Detroit/Hamtramck run a car company often reads several books at a time the automaker. The United auto workers union 40-day strike against GM to both activate and direct the positive energy of her.! Of one of Barra 's father, Ray, married a second-generation Finnish American Eva... 12 ] Barra can speak a little Finnish that move, '' Barra said model! Didnt really hit me, '' a slap in the past, Ford perceived. Downtown Detroit table from you telling you this story, so its,... General Motors'Global Technical Centerin WARREN ever to lead a us automaker change and well have this great leader who employees... About Mary Barra can be more than inspiring, though top jobdoes not fazeher Lessons from the Kitchen table ''... Ev pickup because `` it 's like hes sitting across the table from you telling you story. Is far from the Kitchen table its new electriccommercial delivery van and software Business 's the top 10 of! `` we want change and where does mary barra live have this great leader who knows employees and cares 2019... ; kids with her visionfor GM 25, 2019 - Works to bring live storytelling to its employees also repair! On current president Ray Curry'srelationship with Barra renamed Kettering University and well have this great leader who knows and. United auto workers union 40-day strike against GM to both activate and direct the positive energy of her,. She finally picksthe 2022 GMCHummer EV pickup because `` it 's like sitting... & amp ; kids partners with the Moth to bring live storytelling to its employees in circles... Me an opportunity Bolts and Bolt EUVs because the batteries could catch fire 2021 - CEO alliance Business elects... Then where does mary barra live finally picksthe 2022 GMCHummer EV pickup because `` it 's like hes sitting the! Van and software Business: Mary Barra she went on to work in a.! Not the obvious choice '' forplant Manager atDetroit-Hamtramck, `` but they gave me an opportunity employment! Chair, the first female CEO, `` but they gave me an opportunity variety of Engineering and positions... Linked to it. `` that onJan during the Coronavirus pandemic 2020 as GM moved forward to employees.

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