Note: this link will eventually disappear! The address has drawn more attention from scholars of Jeffersons public presentation and expression of executive authority, but it remains secondary to his first address. 'Four score and seven years ago. these covering our land with officers, & opening our doors to their intrusions, had already begun that process of domiciliary vexation, which, once entered, is scarcely to be restrained from reaching successively every article of property & produce. Students also viewed. The confidence of the most hopeful among us must have been destroyed by the disregard they have recently exhibited for all the time-honored bulwarks of civil and religious liberty. public. I feel like its a lifeline. Jefferson Davis First Inaugural Address Author: Michael Movius Created Date: 20111017065926Z . Mississippi Department of Archives and History. and when the constitution called them to the decision by suffrage, they pronounced their verdict, honorable to those who had served them, and consolatory to the friend of man, who believes that he may be trusted with the controul of his own affairs. In his second inaugural address, Lincoln said that slavery "was, somehow, the . Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. Seven Southern states had already seceded, or broken away, from the United States and formed the Confederacy. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. On the topics of liberty and equality his message was clear: he did not want to abolish slavery in the South. Members of the foreign diplomatic corps were also present. He believed that the slaves in the Confederacy would eventually be free, and that it was their God-given right to enjoy freedom and equality like all American citizens. He likely meant the undated Notes, written sometime after he had finished writing the address, to be part of his personal record of the politics of his era. Nothing was then left to do but to prepare for war. Abraham Lincoln had many neutral political views, which contrasted against Jefferson Davis' bias beliefs. They believed that to remain longer in the Union would subject them to a continuance of a disparaging discrimination, submission to which would be inconsistent with their welfare, and intolerable to a proud people. An error occurred trying to load this video. President Lincoln believed that the union must be preserved, or kept whole. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. When he started is not known, as he did not put dates on any of the surviving draft fragments. A million of men, it is estimated, are now standing in hostile array, and waging war along a frontier of thousands of miles. endowed with the faculties & the rights of men, breathing an ardent love of liberty and independance, & occupying a country which left them no desire but to be undisturbed, the stream of overflowing population from other regions directed itself on these shores. Civil war there cannot be between States held together by their volition only. When the independence of the Confederate States is recognized by the nations of the earth, and we are free to follow our interests and inclinations by cultivating foreign trade, the Southern States will offer to manufacturing nations the most favorable markets which ever invited their commerce. They are diacritical marks to assist Jefferson in the oral delivery of the address. (See Documents, Neither of Jeffersons predecessors as president had given a second inaugural address. they gathered around their public functionaries. He then returned to the Presidents House, where according to Foster he was in high spirits as everyone by common accord went to pay him a visit of congratulation. The 8 Mch. It is not an authoritative final version. Lincoln recognized how crucial this first inaugural address would be to the Southern states considering secession. But the endeavors to enlighten them on the fate which awaits their present course of life, to induce them to exercise their reason, follow its dictates, & change their pursuits with the change of circumstances, have powerful obstacles to encounter. It is not an authoritative final version. COPYRIGHT NOTICE: Published by Princeton University Press and copyrighted, 2021, by Princeton University Press. With humble gratitude and adoration, acknowledging the Providence which has so visibly protected the Confederacy during its brief but eventful career, to thee, O God, I trustingly commit myself, and prayerfully invoke thy blessing on my country and its cause. As you know, Lincoln's first inaugural address did not stop the Civil War from breaking out and dividing the rest of the country between the North and South. Success crowned their efforts, and they provided for the posterity a peaceful remedy against future aggression. We will then compare those views with President Lincoln as stated in his two inaugural addresses and Gettysburg Address. Nothing could be so bad as failure, and any sacrifice would be cheap as the price of success in such a contest. He spoke, according to John Quincy Adams, in so low a voice that not half of it was heard by any part of the crowded auditory. Augustus Foster also noted that the speech was too low spoken to be heard well. The inflections carefully marked according to Sheridans principles came to nothing. Lincoln wanted equality for all people, including slaves, while Davis wanted the Southern states to enjoy the freedom of owning slaves if they choose. But in the heart of a people resolved to be free these disasters tend but to stimulate to increased resistance. ], Second Inaugural Address, [before 4 Mch. In his opinion, the country's power rested in the individual states, and not in a strong central government. William Plumer departed Washington for Baltimore on a mail stage late the night before the inauguration, but he noted that the address was handed out on the Baltimore streets in the course of an hour after the speech was delivered in Washington. Second Inaugural Address by Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America) Summary In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. Madisons sets of comments, separated by almost two weeks, indicate that he saw two states of a complete draft, both now missing. Jefferson had begun writing the address weeks earlier. The first full text that survives is the finished address, Jefferson struggled with the two additional Genl. He was well known for his highly disciplined acting preparation, which informed his later works on elocution, speaking, education, and the English language. Whatever of hope some may have entertained that a returning sense of justice would remove the danger with which our rights were threatened, and render it possible to preserve the Union of the Constitution, must have been dispelled by the malignity and barbarity of the Northern States in the prosecution of the existing war. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. Second Inaugural Address of Jefferson Davis February 22, 1862 Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. In giving these outlines, I do not mean, fellow citizens, to arrogate to myself the merit of the measures. Second Inaugural Address. We have neither asked nor received assistance from any quarter. After a series of successes and victories, which covered our arms with glory, we have recently met with serious disasters. By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. As with his first Inaugural as Chief Executive of the provisional government, Davis again makes a argument based on the sovereignty of states to control their own futures and, lacking an agreement with the Union, have seen no choice but to go to war. Once again, he did not express anger or hostility toward the South, but asked that they restore peace to the nation. For proof of the sincerity of our purpose to maintain our ancient institutions, we may point to the Constitution of the Confederacy and the laws enacted under it, as well as to the fact that through all the necessities of an unequal struggle there has been no act on our part to impair personal liberty or the freedom of speech, of thought, or of the press. that is due in the first place to the reflecting character of our citizens at large, who, by the weight of public opinion, influence and strengthen the public measures. 90 terms. He consistently spoke of preserving the union and the worthiness of fighting for it. We too have had our trials and difficulties. Lincoln's second inaugural address: described the Civil War as divine punishment. Jefferson asked for comments from Robert Smith on 14 Feb., and received a second set of notes from Madison on the 21st. Phone: (713) 348-2586 Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. With confidence in the wisdom and virtue of those who will share with me the responsibility and aid me in the conduct of public affairs; securely relying on the patriotism and courage of the people, of which the present war has furnished so many examples, I deeply feel the weight of the responsibilities I now, with unaffected diffidence, am about to assume; and, fully realizing the inequality of human power to guide and to sustain, my hope is reverently fixed on Him whose favor is ever vouchsafed to the cause which is just. The president, who affects great plainness of dress and manners, was dressed all in black, including silk stockings, and was attended by his secretary and groom. The secretary was Isaac A. Coles, the young Virginian from Albemarle County who, since December, had been filling in for William A. Burwell as Jeffersons private secretary. they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, & the influence of interested & crafty individuals among them, who feel themselves something in the present order of things, and fear to become nothing in any other. 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In a document that he wrote after he completed the drafting of the address and headed Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address (Document, At the outset of his drafting process, he identified those most prominent heads for the address in a spare outline that listed four Genl. Nothing was then left to do but to prepare for war. But every difference of . If so, the document has kinship to his January 1804 notes of conversations with Aaron Burr and Benjamin Hichborn (Vol. It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. He directed his words at convincing them that he was not their enemy, but a friend. Where Abraham Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson would strike out with accusations at the Union. Lincoln viewed the United States as a collection of states held together by an unbreakable bond. Jefferson had apparently owned a copy of Sheridans 1762, While Sheridan outlined the necessity of pauses in the earlier work, he detailed the mark-up system in his 1775. Battles have been fought, sieges have been conducted, and, although the contest is not ended, and the tide for the moment is against us, the final result in our favor is not doubtful. Among the observers in the gallery was the outgoing vice president, Aaron Burr, who had been dropped from the ticket for Jeffersons second term. Source "Jefferson Davis' Second Inaugural Address," The Papers of Jefferson Davis, accessed March . and, that redemption once effected, the revenue thereby liberated may, by a just repartition of it among the states, & a corresponding amendment of the constitution, be applied, in time of peace, to rivers, canals, roads, arts, manufactures, education, & other great objects within each state. . Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. I have therefore undertaken, on no occasion, to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it: but have left them, as the constitution found them, under the direction & discipline of the state or church authorities acknoleged by the several religious societies. Chapter 14 - #1. The courts have been open, the judicial functions fully executed, and every right of the peaceful citizen maintained as securely as if a war of invasion had not disturbed the land. Recognizing that his treatment of the topic of Philosophy in the address was unorthodox, he apparently wrote the Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address to memorialize the decision for his ongoing record of his own times. Several last-minute changes were made after Jefferson drafted the finished address. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Nor would the constancy of these supplies be likely to be disturbed by war. So spoke Frederick Douglass soon after he heard Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address on March 4, 1865. and history bears witness to the fact, that a just nation is trusted on its word, when recourse is had to armaments and wars to bridle others. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. But the Government at Washington, denying our right to self-government, refused even to listen to any proposals for a peaceful separation. For example, the Confederacy had an executive branch modeled on the U.S.'s, which was in charge of a postal service, making foreign trades, and overseeing the military. "Jefferson Davis' Second Inaugural Address," The Papers of Jefferson Davis, accessed March 13, 2015, https: . Jefferson Davis stated that a "disparaging discrimination" and a fight for "liberty" against "the tyranny of an unbridled majority" gave the . [2] Our people have rallied with unexampled unanimity to the support of the great principles of constitutional government, with firm resolve to perpetuate by arms the right which they could not peacefully secure. Jefferson Davis (pictured here on the eve of the Civil War) delivered his second inaugural address in Richmond, Virginia, on February 22, 1862., "Second Inaugural Address," Textbook, accessed January 24, . The optimism which some had had at the beginning of the war had faded away. Jack Shorter, an enslaved stable hand at the Presidents House, may have been the groom. Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. his refusal to sign the Wade-Davis Bill. Davis's inaugural address sought to prove that the formation of the Confederate States of America--and his Presidency over them--was, under the terms of the founding documents of the United States, lawful and even prescribed. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Many were incorporated into Smiths copy, and others were added to both copies via editorial marks. Secession was declared in Missouri and Kentucky but did not eventually go through. He continued to use the idea of a national union of sentiment to depict hardened opposition as an anomaly and the worst Federalist printers as a numerically small holdout of false and backwards thought. that our wish, as well as theirs, is, that the public efforts may be directed honestly to the public good: that peace be cultivated, civil & religious liberty unassailed, law & order preserved, equality of rights maintained, & that state of property, equal or unequal, which results to every man from his own industry, or that of his fathers. Contemplating the union of sentiment now manifested so generally, as auguring harmony & happiness to our future course, I offer to our country sincere congratulations. Abraham Lincoln was reelected to a second term as President of the United States in 1865. Rice University--MS 215 198-203. Fellow-citizens, after the struggle of ages had consecrated the right of the Englishman to constitutional representative government, our colonial ancestors were forced to vindicate that birthright by an appeal to arms. Seven Southern states had already seceded, or broken away, from the United States and formed the Confederacy. The Government had ceased to answer the ends for which it was ordained and established. On the other side of the political aisle, the. Well, Lincoln disagreed. But we knew the value of the object for which we struggled, and understood the nature of the war in which we were engaged. He assured the Confederacy that he had 'malice toward none, and charity for all.' In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. Archives. American History questions and answers. I highly recommend you use this site! Women in the Civil War: Facts & Roles | How Did the Civil War Affect Women? Lincoln memorably said that the United States was conceived, or born, in liberty and that 'all men' are created equal. It was, perhaps, in the ordination of Providence that we were to be taught the value of our liberties by the price which we pay for them. The first year in our history has been the most eventful in the annals of this continent. He made it clear that he did not approve of its practice and denounced slavery as one of the 'offenses' of God, who 'wills to remove' it from America. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. Remember how Davis argued that it was a necessity for the South to leave the union? Augustus John Foster, the 24-year-old secretary of the British legation in Washington, left a record of the details he observed on that day. Since he did not think secession was valid, he therefore did not view the government of the Confederacy as legitimate either. Lincoln's First Inaugural Address Summary & Analysis | What was Lincoln's First Inaugural Address? Our confederate strength will be too great to tempt aggression; and never was there a people whose interests and principles committed them so fully to a peaceful policy as those of the Confederate States. Henry Adamss 1890 history of the Jefferson administration remarked that the address roused neither the bitterness nor the applause which greeted the first, and while Dumas Malones multivolume work devoted most of seven pages to the inauguration, he admitted that Samuel Chases acquittal was far more dramatic and Aaron Burrs exit from the vice presidency was much more moving than the re-entry of the President. Jon Meacham tackled Jeffersons second inauguration in less than a page. In the 6 Mch. our fellow citizens looked on cool, & collected. The recollections of this great contest, with all its common traditions of glory, of sacrifice and blood, will be the bond of harmony and enduring affection amongst the people, producing unity in policy, fraternity in sentiment, and just effort in war. Bastiles filled with prisoners, arrested without civil process or indictment duly found; the writ of habeas corpus suspended by Executive mandate; a State Legislature controlled by the imprisonment of members whose avowed principles suggested to the Federal Executive that there might be another added to the list of seceded States; elections held under threats of a military power; civil officers, peaceful citizens, and gentle-women incarcerated for opinion's sake--proclaimed the incapacity of our late associates to administer a Government as free, liberal, and humane as that established for our common use. He . but who can limit the extent to which the federative principle may operate effectively? when satisfied of these views, it is not in human nature that they should not approve & support them. in time of war, if injustice by ourselves or others must sometimes produce war, increased as the same revenue will be by increased population & consumption, & aided by other resources reserved for that crisis, it may meet within the year all the expences of the year, without encroaching on the rights of future generations by burthening them with the debts of the past. According to this view, he believed the Southern states could not legally leave the union. Lincoln's description of slavery when he gave his first inaugural address Message Lincoln gave the South in his second inaugural address The change in Lincoln's view of the union after. Deeply sensible of all that is implied by this manifestation of the peoples confidence, I am yet more profoundly impressed by the vast responsibility of the office, and humbly feel my own unworthiness. In spite of his laborious attempt to discountenance the opposition to philosophy and to make a statement about the opposition press, Jefferson recognized, as he wrote in his Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address, that the nature of the occasion requires that detail should be avoided. He used the address to make his case for the performance of his earlier promises and to lay out a foundation for governing performance in a second term (Adams, The Two Duchesses: Georgiana Duchess of Devonshire, Elizabeth Duchess of Devonshire. these persons inculcate a sanctimonious reverence for the customs of their ancestors; that whatsoever they did must be done through all time; that reason is a false guide, and to advance under its counsel in their physical, moral or political condition is perilous innovation: that their duty is to remain as their creator made them, ignorance being safety, and knolege full of danger. I shall need too the favour of that being in whose hands we are: who led our fathers, as Israel of old, from their native land; and planted them in a country flowing with all the necessaries & comforts of life; who has covered our infancy with his providence, & our riper years with his wisdom & power: & to whose goodness I ask you to join in supplications with me, that he will so enlighten the minds of your servants, guide their councils, & prosper their measures, that whatsoever they do shall result in your good, & shall secure to you the peace, friendship, & approbation of all nations. Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was an American military officer, statesman, and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865. facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them: & our doubting brethren will at length see that the mass of their fellow citizens, with whom they cannot yet resolve to act, as to principles & measures, think as they think, & desire what they desire. Delaware and Maryland, both slave states, did not vote to secede. Scuba Certification; Private Scuba Lessons; Scuba Refresher for Certified Divers; Try Scuba Diving; Enriched Air Diver (Nitrox) these abuses of an institution, so important to freedom and science, are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness and to sap its safety. Jefferson Davis' First Inaugural Address. He did not use that word in, Jefferson acknowledged that public officials need oversight. The first year in our history has been the most eventful in the annals of this continent. P.O. Jefferson Davis' Second Inaugural Address. The period is near at hand when our foes must sink under the immense load of debt which they have incurred, a debt which in their effort to subjugate us has already attained such fearful dimensions as will subject them to burdens which must continue to oppress them for generations to come. mrw120203. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. In this product, students will analyze excerpts from both Abram Lincoln's First Inaugural Address and Jefferson Davis's Inaugural Address in order to compare their ideas of liberty, equality, union, and government. Nor have the material sacrifices of the past year been made without some corresponding benefits. Therefore we are in arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty. | 22 Records Commission. and it is due to the able and faithful auxiliaries, whose patriotism has associated them with me in the executive functions. I know that the acquisition of Louisiana has been disapproved by some, from a candid apprehension that the enlargement of our territory would endanger its union. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you [2] The eleven states of the CSA in order of secession were: South Carolina (December 20, 1860), Mississippi; Daviss state (January 9, 1861), Florida (January 10, 1861), Alabama (January 11, 1861), Georgia (January 19, 1861), Louisiana (January 26, 1861), Texas (February 1, 1861), Virginia April 17, 1861), Arkansas (May 6, 1861), North Carolina (May 20, 1861), and Tennessee (June 8, 1861). Citizens of the Confederate States of America. He also humbly held that he was restricted to only the most prominent heads and the strongest justifications. He again brought up the defense that he used in, Soon after Americans had a chance to react to the address, European publishers began to circulate the printed speech. In return for their kindness I can offer assurances of the gratitude with which it is received; and can but pledge a zealous devotion of every faculty to the service of those who have chosen me as their Chief Magistrate. A new Government has been established, and its machinery put in operation over an area exceeding seven hundred thousand square miles. Strongest justifications heads and the worthiness of fighting for it ( Vol teacher...: Published by Princeton University Press argued that it was a necessity for the a... Not approve & support them and copyrights are the property of their respective.! It helped me pass my exam and the strongest justifications remember how Davis argued that was... Not be between states held together by an unbreakable bond summarized in the,... Stated in his opinion, the document has kinship to his January 1804 notes conversations... Sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty Lincoln had neutral... 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