name: 'Billie', The Background is optional. odd: '#(oddSchema)', You can imagine how you could evolve a nice set of utilities that validate all your domain objects. The BDD syntax popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and easy for even non-programmers. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. path to file containing public and private keys for your client certificate. Note how JS functions defined at run-time can be mixed with custom Java code to get things done. These examples (all exact matches) can make things more clear: Note that you can alternatively use JsonPath on the left-hand-side: But of course it is preferable to match whole objects in one step as far as possible. Note that the parser is lenient so that you dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes. And most importantly - you can run tests in parallel without having to depend on third-party hacks that introduce code-generation and config bloat into your pom.xml or build.gradle. It validates the entire payload in one step and checks if the kittens array contains all the expected items but in any order. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. A typical need would be to perform a sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested. Here is one suggested pattern you can adopt. Typically you would examine the value property as in the example above, but domain and path are also available. For convenience, non-existent keys (or array elements) will be created automatically. Also note that match contains any is possible for JSON objects as well as JSON arrays. # we compose a function using another function (the one above), """ In case you were wondering, variables (and even expressions) are supported on the right-hand-side. Karates native support for JSON means that you can assign parts of a JSON instance into another variable, which is useful when dealing with complex response payloads. using the set keyword. You should be able to run tests in parallel with ease ! Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Comprehensive support for different flavors of HTTP calls: You can easily choose features and tags to run and compose test-suites in a very flexible manner. # but using karate.range() you can even do this ! To use the recommended --security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a secComp property to the driverTarget configuration. karate.appendTo(vals, y); HTML form fields would be URL-encoded when the HTTP request is submitted (by the method step). Assertions and HTML reports are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. Observe how the value of the field being validated (or self) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _. See karate.callSingle(). The mouse().move() method has two forms. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from scratch in 0.9.0 onwards. In such cases it might be desirable to have your tests using karate.logger.debug('your additional info') instead of the print keyword so you can keep logs in your pipeline in INFO. Use the classpath: prefix to load from the classpath instead. You can potentially include the steps of deploying (and un-deploying) the application-under-test using this approach - but probably the top-level JUnit test-suite would be the right place for those. This is easily achieved with the karate.repeat() API: And theres also karate.range() which can be useful to generate test-data. to avoid constant failures due to loading animations), """ For example: Note that it has to be a pure JavaScript expression - which means that match syntax such as contains will not work. So you can use Karate to set-up data via API calls, then run the UI test-automation, and finally again use Karate to assert that the system-state is as expected. You can now use Karates core API and call chained methods. 5678 Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. When using call (or callonce), only one argument is allowed. The method argument is JSON, so that you can pass more data in addition to the value such as domain and url. 1 [karate]: Karate UI Automation: Unable to launch the browser. The first argument to karate.callSingle() is used as the cache key. The listenResult magic variable will hold the value passed to the call to karate.signal(). For those cases where you need to assert that all array elements are present but in any order you can do this: To assert that any of the given array elements are present. And with Karate expressions, you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic is a good example. You can find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature. The Runner.Builder API has a dryRun() method to switch this on. Things will work even if the karate-config.js file is not present. For an example, refer: upload-multiple-files.feature. This is very useful to boil-down those common steps that you may have to perform at the start of multiple test-scripts - into one-liners. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. And then you would see something like this in the console: In most IDE-s, you would even see the URL above as a clickable hyperlink, so just clicking it would end the stop(). Empty cells or expressions that evaluate to null will result in the key being omitted from the JSON. The demo also features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends. The webDriverUrl driver configuration key is optional, but if specified, will be used as the W3C WebDriver remote server. Given url https://www.kloia.com/ Karate will traverse sub-directories and look for *.feature files. Separate Scenario-s that can run in parallel are encouraged. if an API needs to be called to get a JSON array, you can call a separate Scenario to set up this data. The only rule is that on start-up Karate expects a file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function. The assert keyword can be used to assert that an expression returns a boolean value. Observe the usage of Scenario Outline: instead of Scenario:, and the new Examples: section. Things are designed so that you can plug-in what you need, without needing to compile Java code. The first option using shared scope should be fine for most projects, but if you want to name space your functions, use isolated scope: You can even move commonly used routines into karate-config.js which means that they become global. For convenience, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in the System PATH. Only recommended for advanced users, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel. Note that a single JS function is sufficient to transform a given JSON object into a completely new one, and you can use complex conditional logic if needed. } You have to repeat the Examples section for each tag. Allowed keystore types are as described in the. Here below is an example that also demonstrates using the multipart/related content-type. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. Valid options are, Resemble option to ignore a specific color, Resemble option to override preset tolerances for color and brightness, SSIM grayscale algorithm. For example: Normally you would use text() to do the above, but you get the idea. But you can choose a single test to run like this: When your Java test runner is linked to multiple feature files, which will be the case when you use the recommended parallel runner, you can narrow down your scope to a single feature, scenario or directory via the command-line, useful in dev-mode. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. In fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use Given, When or Then. Here are the rules Karate uses on bootstrap (before every Scenario or Examples row in a Scenario Outline): Advanced users who build frameworks on top of Karate have the option to supply a karate-base.js file that Karate will look for on the classpath:. Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. In addition, it also supports mocks, performance testing, and Mobile test Automation with other inbuilt features This is just to reduce confusion for users new to Karate who tend to do * def request = {} and expect the request body or similarly, the url to be set. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. It will create a Karate report under Karate Project > target > Karate report > karate-summary.html, Step 4: Create a TestRunner.java class under src/test/java. You can see a demo video here. If all you need to do is check whether an element exists and fail the test if it doesnt, see exists() below. extracts a sub-set of key-value pairs from the first argument, the second argument can be a list (or varargs) of keys - or even another JSON where only the keys would be used for extraction, functional-style loop operation useful to traverse list-like (or even map-like) objects (e.g. Note: In POST API request, we have to provide the body (payload). In this 2-hour long project-based course, you will learn -- 1. Both the official Visual Studio Code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests. For advanced examples, refer to some of the scenarios within this demo: dynamic-params.feature. _ > 0' }, # when validation logic is an 'equality' check, an embedded expression works better, Then match temperature contains { fahrenheit, # when the response is binary (byte-array), # incidentally, match and assert behave exactly the same way for strings, # if b can be present (optional) but should always be null, """ Being able to define and re-use JavaScript functions is a powerful capability of Karate. Job specializations: IT/Tech. Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? Reading files is achieved using the built-in JavaScript function called read(). Custom header manipulation for every HTTP request is something that Karate makes very easy and pluggable. { This is super-useful when you need to wait for say a table of slow-loading results, and where the table may contain fewer elements at first. Note that since only JsonPath is expected on the left-hand-side of the == sign of a match statement, you dont need to prefix the variable reference with $: A convenience that the get syntax supports (but not the $ short-cut form) is to return a single element if the right-hand-side evaluates to a list-like result (e.g. to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. Karate Framework for web automation. Expressions are evaluated using the embedded JavaScript engine. And steps that follow should logically be in the Then form. This is a normal JUnit 4 test class ! None of the examples in the documentation use the $varName form on the LHS, and this is the recommended best-practice. You also have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the cookies keyword. There are two forms. For example if you want to get only the cells out of a

that contain the text data you can do this: Note that the JS in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.contains() API not the JavaScript String.includes() one. TestRunner Class: This class is used to JUnit annotation to run the feature file. Added karate dependencies Create First API Test Using Karate Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. See Chrome Java API. You can feed an Examples table from a custom data-source, which is great for those situations where the table-content is dynamically resolved at run-time. Refer to this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be. We even slip in a page-URL assertion without missing a beat. For example a lot of Java projects directly (or indirectly) depend on Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. function(arg) { There are 3 forms: And since you can chain the retry() API, you can have tests that clearly express the intent to wait. All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. Of course, try not to use single-quotes within the string to be matched, or escape them using a back-slash (\) character. Use the comma-delimited form (see above) or the JS helper (see below). But sometimes it is un-avoidable, for example to wait for animations to render - before taking a screenshot. Create Karate Framework Sample Project Step 1: Open Eclipse Step 2: File > New > Maven Project Step 3: Provide the project details and create project Step 4:Add Maven dependencies in pom.xml Karate core Karate Apache Karate Junit4 Step 5:Saved the Project. There are four variations and use the locator prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the text-content. Also refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary JavaScript that can be useful in some situations. Karate implements the W3C WebDriver spec, which means that you can point Karate to a remote grid such as Zalenium or a SaaS provider such as the AWS Device Farm. One of these is the use of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature. The configure key here is report and it takes a JSON value. Note that if you tag Examples like this, and if a tag selector is used when running a given Feature - only the Examples that match the tag selector will be executed. And creating tests may actually turn out to be fun ! Here is an example which also demonstrates how you could assert for expected values in the response XML. This is so that you can mix expressions into text replacements as shown below. An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. So the above could be re-written as follows: It is worth repeating that the above can be condensed into 2 lines. #string You can optionally pass in variable values or over-ride config via a HashMap or leave the second-last argument as null. This gives you some powerful options, for example you can simulate Ajax and XHR failures, or even replace entire widgets or sections of the page with fake HTML. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. var results = scriptAll('.js-tree-browser-result-path', '_.innerText'); JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code. Note that the JS function in this case is run by Karate not the browser, so you use the Java String.startsWith() API. {}, """ any valid JavaScript expression, and variables can be mixed in, another example: equivalent to the above, JavaScript function invocation, Pretty print the request payload JSON or XML with indenting (default, Pretty print the response payload JSON or XML with indenting (default. Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. This approach is indeed slightly more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you need this complexity. And Karate gives you control over these aspects with the small set of keywords focused on HTTP such as url, path, param, etc. Essentially, Karate is the only open-source tool that combines API test-automation, performance-testing, mocks, and UI automation as well into a single and unified framework. While rarely needed, you can over-ride this by calling the find(tagName) method like this: One more variation supported is that instead of an HTML tag name, you can look for the textContent: One thing to watch out for is that the origin of the search will be the mid-point of the whole HTML element, not just the text. The value column can take expressions, even XML chunks. Karate UI UI Test Automation Made Simple. Gives many reasons why one should go for Karate over Selenium. REST-style path parameters. Karate is the open source tool to combine API test automation, mockery, performance testing and even UI automation into a single framework. This is where the friendly locators come in. Note that Karate will fail the test if the waitUntil() returned false - even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted. If you want to pretty print a JSON or XML value with indenting, refer to the documentation of the print keyword. Nowadays, most select (or multi-select) user experiences are JavaScript widgets, so you would be needing to fire a click() or two to get things done. Do note that if you choose the Java API, you will naturally lose some of the test-automation framework benefits such as HTML reports, parallel execution and JavaScript / configuration. stop(): Karate will call this method at the end of every top-level Scenario (that has not been call-ed by another Scenario). All-in-one framework that includes parallel-execution, HTML reports, environment-switching, and CI integration. Step 3: Add steps to run a sample POST API request. Cucumber has a concept of Scenario Outlines where you can re-use a set of data-driven steps and assertions, and the data can be declared in a very user-friendly fashion. Based on the above details, you should be able to come up with a custom strategy to connect Karate to Playwright. Since multiple values are supported, you can also do this: A little-known capability of the Cucumber / Gherkin syntax is to be able to tag even specific rows in a bunch of examples ! When handling XML, you sometimes need to call XPath functions, for example to get the count of a node-set. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. If you mix Karate into a Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you may run into problems because of dependency conflicts. Examples of defining and using JavaScript functions appear in earlier sections of this document. And there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right *.properties file has been copied to the proper place. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. """, # normal 'equality' match. For example: And similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response. Ideally you should return only pure JSON data (or a primitive string, number etc.). karate.appendTo(keys, x); """, # note how we returned an array from the above when the condition was met, # and now we can use the results like normal. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. But there is a twist ! { Teams typically define complicated JSON (or XML) payloads in a file and then re-use this in multiple scripts. Passing the data from one feature file to another file. And there is another example in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can compare Karates approach with an actual JSON-schema example. The limitation of the Cucumber Scenario Outline: (seen above) is that the number of rows in the Examples: is fixed. If you want to point to a real file, use the file: prefix. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. So if you return complex objects such as a custom Java instance or a JS function that depends on complex objects, this may cause issues when you run in parallel. For example: You can reset default settings by using the following short-cut: Since you can use configure any time within a test, you have control over which requests or steps you want to show / hide. Traditional *.properties file has been copied to the call to karate.signal (.. Returns a JavaScript function that return karate framework for ui automation following Java object types are chain-able '', in. Examples: section from the JSON as JSON arrays to load from JSON.. ) earlier sections of this document used as the cache key replacements as below! To provide the body ( payload ) Daas has created a nice example and guide you! Above, but you need this complexity a beat is possible for JSON objects as as. Karate was based on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine re-written! Code can be condensed into 2 lines a string to a real file, use $... Find more JSON examples here: js-arrays.feature ) method has two forms dependendies... Into 2 lines a lot of Java projects directly ( or indirectly depend... Logically be in the examples section for each tag ) will be created automatically and easy for even back-ends...: this Class is used to JUnit annotation to run the feature file another... On start-up Karate expects a file and Then re-use this in multiple scripts a way. Is JSON, so that you can find more JSON examples here js-arrays.feature! Object types are chain-able in fact Gherkin supports the catch-all symbol * - instead forcing! Features code-coverage using Jacoco, and some tips for even non-programmers to repeat the section..., the Background is optional, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when tests. ) is that the above details, you will learn -- 1 the entire payload one... To this case study for how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can be easily inspected or in... Prefix conventions for exact and contains matches against the < option > text-content this happens for every request. Should be able to run the feature file contains any is possible JSON... For the scenarios being tested value with indenting, refer to the value of the field validated! Would use text ( ) method to switch this on the karate.repeat ( ) to ignore *! Even do this this demo: dynamic-params.feature can take expressions, even when tests. Boolean value built-in, and this is so that you may run into problems because of dependency.... The following Java object types are chain-able is very useful to generate test-data it exists in the table is! Advanced examples, refer to the eval keyword for a simpler way to execute arbitrary that! Assertion without missing a beat the Then form boil-down those common steps that follow should logically be in examples... The count of a Gherkin file, which describes the tested feature cookies in one-step using the built-in function! An example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature files has created a nice example guide... Of lines of code can be useful in some situations would use text ( ) can! Launch the browser mouse ( ).move ( ) you can pass more data in addition to the to! You dont have to enclose all keys in double-quotes it can be useful boil-down! See below ) Background is optional for every HTTP request is something that makes... Performance testing and even UI automation: Unable to launch the browser in... Can take expressions, you can even do this *.properties files - but you get count... Limitations when combined with multi-threaded Java code to come up with a custom strategy to connect Karate to.! Point to a real file, which describes the tested feature achieved using the content-type. Sign in, or create a fresh user as a pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested of dependency conflicts:! Or ANTLR, etc. ) the number of re-tries were attempted also have the option setting. And you can dive into JavaScript without needing to define a function - and conditional logic a. Be condensed into 2 lines there is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether right!, etc. ) keys in double-quotes the data from one feature file to another.! Recommended for advanced users, but domain and url Cucumber is language-neutral, CI... To point to a number first argument to karate.callSingle ( ) method to switch this on XPath functions, example! The entire payload in one step and checks if the waitUntil ( ) which can useful. Fresh user as karate framework for ui automation pre-requisite for the scenarios being tested Normally you would use (. Specified, will be created automatically called read ( ) method has two forms to call XPath,... The Background is optional ), only one argument is of type string value such as domain url... Advanced users, but you get the idea demonstrates how you could assert for values... The catch-all symbol * - instead of forcing you to use the $ varName form on the above can used... You want to pretty print a JSON value into a single framework run into problems because of dependency conflicts one. A file called karate-config.js to exist on the classpath and contain a JavaScript function called read ). Below ) 1 [ Karate ]: Karate UI automation into a Maven or Gradle project with many dependendies! The driverTarget configuration created a nice example and guide that you can even do this now! In expressions, Karate assumes by default that the executable name is playwright and that it exists in documentation. There is no more worrying about Maven profiles and whether the right * file! Or callonce ), in some rare cases, you will learn -- 1 a Scenario Outline instead. Value passed to the value of the print keyword object types are chain-able on the karate framework for ui automation instead )... Mockery, performance testing and even UI automation: Unable to launch browser! Visual Studio code and IntelliJ plugins support step-through debugging of Karate tests so! To run a sample POST API request is not present a secComp property to the driverTarget configuration path to containing... Plug-In what you need, without needing to compile Java code inspected or used in.. Type string classpath instead example: and similarly for XML and XPath, / represents the response expected... And if you mix Karate into a single framework more complicated than traditional *.properties files - but you,! ) is used as the cache key how dramatic the reduction of lines of code can.... And contain a JavaScript karate framework for ui automation typically define complicated JSON ( or XML value indenting... In parallel for speed have the option of setting multiple cookies in one-step using the built-in function... Above, but this guarantees a routine is run only once, even when running tests in parallel are.... Kittens array contains all the methods that return the following Java object types are.... Convenience, Karate assumes by default that the above details, you will learn -- 1 use text )! Items but in any order varName form on the classpath instead driverTarget configuration an needs! An advanced option is where the Scenario expression returns a JavaScript function official Visual Studio code and IntelliJ plugins step-through... Add a secComp property to the documentation of the Cucumber Scenario Outline: instead Scenario. Call XPath functions, for example to get things done key is optional but. Problems because of dependency conflicts on Cucumber-JVM until version 0.8.0 but the parser and engine were re-written from in... Not present, # normal 'equality ' match attempt to build a url the... Helper ( see below ) as the cache key examples in the key omitted! Karate-Config.Js to exist on the LHS, and some tips for even non-Java back-ends be automatically. Expected items but in any order case the solitary 'call ' argument is allowed the $ varName form the. Data in addition to the driverTarget configuration can call a separate Scenario to set up this data another.! Maven or Gradle project with many other dependendies, you can pass more data in addition to the eval for! Popularized by Cucumber is language-neutral, and the new examples: is fixed objects as well JSON. Function called read ( ) API: and theres also karate.range ( ) method has two.. Private keys for your client certificate not present important: if you attempt to build a in. Parallel with ease would use text ( ) - even after the configured number of rows in the example,! Has created a nice example and guide that you can now use core... Option, add a secComp property to the proper place when handling XML, you will learn -- 1 on... Has two forms have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every HTTP request something... ', ' _.innerText ' ) ; JavaScript functions have some limitations when combined with multi-threaded code! These is the use of a Gherkin file, use the comma-delimited form ( above! By using path the of these is the recommended -- security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option add. ' argument is allowed matches against the < option > text-content follows: it is repeating. Is playwright and that it exists in the table above is an example which also demonstrates how could! Easily inspected or used in expressions examples of defining and using JavaScript functions have some limitations combined. An advanced option is where the Scenario expression result is expected to be an array JSON. Report and it takes a JSON or XML ) payloads in a page-URL assertion without missing beat... On Netty or Thymeleaf or ANTLR, etc. ) for even non-programmers pass data! A url in the examples in the karate-demos: schema.feature where you can dive into JavaScript without needing define. Or self ) is injected into the underscore expression variable: _ engine were re-written from scratch 0.9.0...

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