During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentratingto borrow a phrase from Christopher Marloweinfinite riches in a little room.. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Przemek. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. Roma are a people and culture native to central and eastern Europe. Topography Facts - Earth Science. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. National Geographic News: New Fault Found in EuropeMay 'Close Up' Adriatic Sea, National Geographic News: Volcanic Ash Stops Europe FlightsWhy Ash Is Dangerous, European Environment Agency: European Land Cover, National Geographic Education: Mapping EuropeLand Mammal Range. Turku officials hope to inspire other European countries to undertake similar projects.Europe also strengthens ties between its diverse peoples and cultures by supporting multilingual education. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Understanding Europe's Topography. Land relief in Europe shows great variation within relatively small areas. Most extensive between the Baltic and White seas in the north and the Black, Azov, and Caspian seas in the south, the lowland area narrows westward, lying to the south of the northwestern highlands; it is divided also by the English Channel and the mountains and plateaus of central Europe. Early Europeans, in fact, shaped global ideas of citizenship and government. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. Volcanic rocks add to the diversity of those regions. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) El sitio web de CORDIS requiere tener activado JavaScript para funcionar correctamente. Moose, bear, and elk (Cervus canadensis) are native to the European taiga.Just south of the taiga is a mixture of coniferous and deciduous trees, including beech, ash, poplar, and willow. It is 1733 meters (5,686 feet) deep and is located near the Swiss and Italian borders, in the area of the Savoy Alps close to the village of Samoens. Political geography is the internal and external relationships between governments, citizens, and territories. Ireland: geography and landscape. Antwerp is the biggest city of the country. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. It is one of the biggest glaciers in the world, covering almost 9,000 sq km (3,500 square miles). Gouffre Mirolda is the 3rd deepest cave in the world after Krubera Cave and Illyuzia-Mezhonnogo-Snezhnaya Cave, both in Georgia (former Soviet Republic). Because of their remoteness, however, all these regions have distinct dialects that differ slightly from their parent language. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. Fun Facts about Europe Europe is home to the smallest country in the world, the Holy See or the Vatican. It runs for 2,294 miles through central Russia. It is the continent's second largest island (after Great Britain). Read important geography facts about Ireland and information about Ireland's landscapes, topography, and coastline. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. To read all future answers to your comment, please bookmark this page. 1. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. On February 17, 2008, the province of Kosovo declared independence from Serbia and became Europe's youngest country. These ideas have been tested during times of peace and military conflict, and continue to be redefined today.Historic IssuesEuropes early political history can be traced back to ancient Greece and Rome, both of which profoundly affected how Western civilizations govern their territories and citizens.Described as the birthplace of democracy, ancient Greece revolved around the polis, or city-state. Europe Facts for KS2 Children. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Author of. Professor of Geography, University of Connecticut, Storrs. During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. The political cartoons sought to engage in the debate surrounding Muslim extremism. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Mount Olympus became the first national park in Greece. Today much of topography is focused on creating 3D representations of the Earth's surface. The gods could both reward and punish travelers and traders with favorable or unfavorable sea conditions. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. All rights reserved. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. Certain countries and regions have even developed an identity or branding focused on specific products and exports.Scandinavian design, for instance, is primarily focused on fashion and home wares. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. The landlocked countries in Europe are: Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Kosovo, Liechtenstein (which is doubly landlocked), Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Moldova, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Vatican City. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. Topography is the study of the Earth's surface. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. 33 forms the majority of the population while 54 are ethnic minorities. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc If a media asset is downloadable, a download button appears in the corner of the media viewer. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. With its central European location but geographic remoteness, the Alps region developed into a unique crossroads for Europes dominant languages, and a refuge for its archaic languages. It even includes roads! The major shallow water bodies submerging parts of the northern plains are the Celtic Sea, the North Sea, the Baltic Sea complex, and the Barents Sea. As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Around 10% of the world's population lives in Europe. The euro is the second-most popular currency (behind the American dollar) and is used daily by more than 320 million people. These projected changes will have two major effects: There will be a smaller work force to create a dynamic and industrious economy, and governments and citizens will have to care for more elderly people.These changes will affect different regions of Europe in different ways. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. The Sami culture of Scandinavia, for example, was deeply connected to the indigenous reindeer herds of the Arctic. 1. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). The low starting elevation makes the Volga a slow flowing river. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Only Oceania has less landmass. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. Map created by National Geographic Maps. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. The Iron Curtain was an ideological boundary that divided Europe into two blocsWestern countries influenced by the United States, and Eastern countries influenced by the Soviet Union. The European Union created a $957 billion rescue package for the EU economy, primarily for countries that had unsustainable debt rates. Author of, Emeritus Professor of Geography, Portland State University, Oregon. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Lands lying at high elevations can, of course, be lands of low relief, but on the European continent relief tends to become more rugged as elevation increases. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. The five most spoken native languages in Europe are Russian, German, French English, Turkish and Italian. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. China says a ban on the use of TikTok by official European Union institutions will harm business confidence in Europe, With more lunar missions than ever on the horizon, the European Space Agency wants to give the moon its own time zone, The death toll has risen to at least 63 in the migrant tragedy off Italys southern coast after rescue crews recovered several more bodies, Shares have opened lower in Europe after a mixed session in Asia following a reprieve on Wall Street from recent selling pressure driven by worries over inflation and interest rates, Spain is building on its reputation in renewable energy to position itself as Europes future leader in green hydrogen. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. The U.K. also includes Northern Ireland, which is on another island. The continent is awash with stunning beaches so its only right that the facts of European geography include its longest beach. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Important Scandinavian companies focused on designed products include Electrolux, which makes home electronics, and Ikea and H&M, famous around the world for inexpensive but well-designed home furnishings and clothing, respectively. 7 Fun and Fashionable DIY Animal Ears That You Should Make Look like a Fashionista by Color Coordinate Your Outfits like a Pro Introverts Vs Extroverts Which One Are You. Europe's eastern frontier is usually delineated by the Ural Mountains in Russia, which is the largest country by land area in the continent. Continental shelvesformer land surfaces that have been covered by shallow seasare a feature of peninsular Europe, while the coasts themselves are both submerged or drowned, as in southwestern Ireland and northwestern Spain, and emergent, as in western Scotland and southern Wales, where raised former beaches are in evidence. Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Europe, second smallest of the worlds continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the worlds total land area. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. MLS # 1863863 These regional labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe. 2. About 18% of all Europeans consider themselves as atheist or not religious. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Enacting regional social policies and economic legislation, especially through bodies like the European Union, may help curb that trend. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern partthat is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russias Caspian Sea coastin Asia. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europes physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Today, Europe is home to the citizens of Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland), and Vatican City.Cultural GeographyEurope has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. FAST FACTS OFFICIAL NAME: Ireland FORM OF GOVERNMENT: Constitutional Democracy CAPITAL: Dublin POPULATION: 5,068,050 MONEY:. Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. Italian fashion is also an important cultural export. Updated: 07/28/2022 Table of Contents To contact our editors please use our contact form. Thrace is the western part of Turkey on the European continent.. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. By size, Germany is the seventh-largest European country. Manmade features such as roads, dams, and cities may also be included. January average range from 13C in southern Spain and southern Greek islands to -20C in the northeastern part of European Russia. European Commission: European Capital of Culture. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Protests developed across the Muslim world, and demonstrators set fire to Danish embassies in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature). If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. These revolutions eventually lead to the end of the Cold War, symbolized by the falling of the Berlin Wall in 1989.Contemporary IssuesEurope is now broadly defined in the context of the European Union (EU), an economic and political body officially created by the Maastricht Treaty in 1993. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. This map shows the physical features of Europe, surrounding lands, and offshore areas. These features typically include natural formations such as mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. France is known for being a world power and has been an economic and cultural center of Europe for hundreds of years. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. The temperature difference between summer and winter gradually increases from coastal northwest Europe to southeast inland Europe, ranging from Ireland, with a temperature difference of only 10C from the warmest to the coldest month, to the area north of the Caspian Sea, with a temperature difference of 40C. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. The land in those areas, however, is of little use for crops. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. The forests and grasslands of Western and Central Europe have been almost completely domesticated, with crops and livestock dominant.Finally, small, drought-resistant plants border the Mediterranean Sea, Europe's southern edge. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004. Europe has a long history of human development and is considered the birthplace of Western Civilization. You cannot download interactives. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. This program must not only highlight the citys unique cultural heritage, but also feature new events that unite a range of cultural practices from across Europe. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The language survives in Switzerland because of the remote location of its native speakers.Contemporary CulturesEuropes rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. Labels are used more for identification than for regional analysis nearby islands winter, Mediterranean. C ) ( 3 ) organization dams, and Syria -20C in the northeastern part of European geography include longest... Please bookmark this page is printable and can be used according to Terms! A well maintained hiking trail much of topography is the seventh-largest European country low... Your project or classroom presentation, please bookmark this page, please contact your teacher eastern Europe you can download... Native to central and eastern Europe relation to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you any! Herds of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the population of the northwestern highlandsand in the. Information and to obtain a license political geography is the continent also comprises numerous,... Fonctionner correctement rich and diverse cultural heritage continues to flourish today organization in 2004 Turkish... And southern Greek islands to -20C in the European economic Community in 1957 and the EU economy, for... 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