Use a mulitmeter to test. (Figure 1.) Set the multimeter to AC to test your VSS. Support us on Patreonhttp://www.patreon.com/TheMechanicCheck out my personal blog where I talk about Mechanic and Service Businesses.http://www.NestorMendoza. I can't imagine installing an ABS system without having any capability of querying the EBCM to see if it sees any issues. ABS sensor resistance should measure around 1000 ohms. Three-wire signals are usually found in newer aftermarket. The tools needed for testing either a 2 or 3 wire speed sensor are essentially a multimeter with the clamp leads, and a drill. The sensor should produce between .5 to 1 volt of AC current. Hall effect wheel speed sensors require power to operate; hence they are referred to as active sensors. 3. Instructions: 1. The Ohm or resistance is denoted by a "" symbol. RESISTANCE TESTING ACTIVE WSS CANNOT BE TESTED BY USING THE RESISTANCE ACROSS THE SENSOR. [8] Commonly used wheel speed sensors are: magnetoelectric wheel speed sensors and Hall effect wheel speed sensors. Look for a dial on your multimeter that has numbers and letters on it. Identify the wheel speed sensor's electrical connector along the wheel's frame. Step 7. If the leads are reversed, you will get an infinite reading indicating an open circuit. First off is testing the 2 wire speed sensor. The faster the wheel is spun, the more voltage is produced. Get to the nuts or any clips holding the sensor and unscrew them. This is still a .6-volt square wave like is seen above. Another method to test BMW wheel speed sensors is to use a digital multimeter and measure resistance. One way to do this is to plug a breakout box into the ABS module's wiring harness and attach the test leads from a digital volt ohm meter DVOM to the appropriate pins for the WSS . AC VOLTAGE With the meter set to AC voltage, spin the wheel by hand. The resistors are about 1.4k Ohms each, however if you were to measure the resistance at the wire ends you would probably see 5 to 6 Mega Ohms. If you have any further interest please visit http://www.2carpros.. The sensor should produce between .5 to 1 volt of AC current. Switch your multimeter to the voltage reading. Don't be confused by other wiring harnesses that may lead down to the wheel such as the brake pad wear sensor. If you do measure an active sensor with a meter, it will produce a reading around 3.5 millions ohms. Simply but firmly adjust the knob to point to the Ohms setting. If a sensor is only "activated" when a supply voltage is applied and then generates an output signal, this is an "active" sensor. 2. Set the multimeter to measure volts by turning the knob to the direct voltage mark. Have your assistant hold the wheel speed sensor while you connect the multimeter probes to the sensor terminals. This will detach the sensor from the vehicle so you can take it off. Before fitting in the new sensor, have a look at the area and look for any rust. ABS is not the focus of my work though and I've yet to need to check out any "active" systems. Most vehicles allow access to the ABS sensor harness inside the cabin, rather than having to jack the car up and take a wheel off. A passive sensor creates an AC signal that changes frequency as the wheel changes speed. ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSORS. Both passive (2-wire) and active (2 or 3-wire) ABS sensors can be tested for basic functionality with a multimeter. The active speed sensor or "Magneto Resistive Sensor" consists of two parallel resistors and a magnetic material located at a precise distance from a permanent magnet. INDUCTIVE SPEED SENSOR AND ACTIVE WHEEL SPEED SENSORS: COMPARISON Inductive speed sensor, passive sensors Operating principle Turn the dial until the arrow or indicating line is pointing to the AC setting. Most one-wire signals can be measured with a multimeter set to DC. The wheel speed sensor, also known as the vehicle speed sensor (VSS), is a SENSOR used to measure the steering of the car wheels. speedometer kits and they have three wires. One-Wire Signals. Step 6 Turn on the power source. One way to do this is to plug a breakout box into the ABS module's wiring harness and attach the test leads from a digital volt ohm meter (DVOM) to the appropriate pins for the WSS circuit. Bias Voltage Passive Sensors It monitors all-wheel speed inputs. 2. All you'd need is an OBDII connector wired with the pins for CAN high, Can low, Battery 12 volts, and chassis ground. These sensors always have a positive supply voltage, usually 5 V, on one terminal; however, they may have one of two terminal configurations: Three pin sensors have a dedicated earth reference circuit and a separate output signal circuit. Set the multimeter to the "DC voltage" setting and note the reading. Since resistance is not directional, it does not matter which end you put each probe. (And either way, turn the power source back off!) For modern vehicles, wheel speed information is essential. Contents [ hide] 1 How do you know if your ABS speed sensor is bad? Disconnect the affected sensor, and connect the red lead of a multimeter to the signal wire in the connector, and the black lead to a suitable ground. Be careful not to use the pad wear sensor, which can easily confuse you. This is a normal range for all passive sensors. BIAS VOLTAGE PASSIVE SENSORS Some vehicles will send a DC voltage to the sensor through the ground wire. One wire is a reference. Remove each wheel one at a time. Research which type of sensor your vehicle has before proceeding. The AC, or alternating current, setting may be labeled as AC, V with a squiggly line, or ACV. Inductive wheel speed sensors encase a wire coil around a magnetically polarised core and operate in tandem with a pulse wheel mounted on a component rotating at wheel speed, for example, a driveshaft or hub. AC Voltage With the meter set to AC voltage, spin the wheel by hand. You'll need a 220-ohm resistor, an LED and a 12v battery source. power, one wire is the ground, and the third wire is the signal. The rest of the setting should remain as it was, but the range should be 10v maximum. Set the multimeter to the "AC voltage" setting and note the reading. The other lead from the sensor is hooked up to your resistor and LED, while the remaining lead from your LED should return to the battery. If so, we've eliminated source voltage as the problem. ), and hook up the battery to one side of the sensor leads. The ABS control module converts this AC signal to a digital signal for interpretation. Vehicle dynamic control system (VDC . Step 1: Locate and Remove the Connector Locate the electrical connector from a particular the wheel speed sensor which is near the frame in the wheel well in most cases. Disconnect the ABS sensor wire and measure the resistance of each sensor. The signal will ride up on the DC signal. Verify that the voltage at the sensor is within the range suggested in your user manual. WHEEL SPEED SENSOR CHECKS One way to check a suspicious wheel speed sensor is to measure its output voltage. Below is a procedure that will guide you, Locate the vehicle's fuse box and check that the fuse connecting the wheel speed sensor is not burnt. The 3 wire speed sensor is externally powered, so you will need a power source of some form. . If not, the voltage source is at least a problem, if not the problem. Once you find the connector, disconnect it from the sensor by removing the safety clasp and pulling it out gently. Take sandpaper and scrape the surface where you are going to put the new sensor. Set your multimeter to Ohms. A narrow air gap is usually necessary to induce a strong signal in the sensor's magnetic windings. Disconnect the sensor from the car ( Caution: Do not try this with it being hooked up! The specification for active sensors is between 1,000 and 2,500 ohms. If one wheel starts to rotate slower than the others, the system reduces hydraulic pressure to that wheel until it regains traction. Put the probe leads on the ABS sensor pins. It's denoted by V. The faster the wheel is spun, the more voltage is produced. This is the AC voltage output of the sensor. This video is a guide on how to test an ABS Wheel Sensor to ensure it is working properly. Set your multimeter to display zero by stably turning the zero-adjust knob. As the pulse wheel passes the sensor, the sensor's magnetic field is disturbed, which induces an oscillating voltage within the wire . If the sensor works, the multimeter will display a voltage when the wheel is spun by hand. If a sensor operates without additional supply voltage applied, this is a "passive" sensor. 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