B. the humanistic view of management. Theory Xmanagement hinders the satisfaction of higher-level needs because it doesnt acknowledge that those needs are relevant in the workplace. 4. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. 1. job sharing. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. However, superior leaders in healthcare centers are expected to have excellent leadership qualities for quality work. Allowing some employees to work at home part-time is: A goal According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Malachi is a manager at a home goods store. Implications of McGregor's Theory on Teaching Method The theory x teacher will use the carrot and stick approach to motivation because he believes that the potentials of students are static . Traditional classrooms do not enable the potential of almost all students. 3. He instills fear among employees by threatening to cancel bonuses if deadlines are not met. Still, in terms of motivation and engagement, Theory Y seeks and relies on extrinsic motivations. (2022, May 11). Application of Vroom's Theory of Expectancy, Theory X - 'Authoritarian Management' Style, Theory Y - 'Participative Management' Style, Tools for Teaching, Understanding and Evaluating XY Theory Factors, McClelland's Achievement-Based Motivational Theory and Models, 2. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Effort in work is as natural as work and play. What does this scenario highlight about laid-off workers in terms of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 1. recognition Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. Since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus to finding a new source of income. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Selena's work schedule is an example of: 5. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. As part of this theory, managers must be able to motivate employees. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. Employees in lack ambition and responsibility towards their work. E)the equity theory. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Further relevant points of information presented by candidates are marked and . Theory Y. A type of job enrichment Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. 5. the average worker prefers to be directed. Selena is a programmer for a streaming company. Which of the following is a major difference between the Theory X and Theory Y views of management? 3. 5. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Very helpful information it would be great to learn more. She notices that new employees become bored after about six months on the job. Nathaniel Hawthorne. 25. option A is correct Operant conditioning Aliyah is likely to assume that: 26. option C is correct. 4. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. 3. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. 2. job rotation 4. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 3. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. D. Elton Mayo. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Student motivation is correlated with learning. Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. 2. Read this article to learn about McGregor's Theory of 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 3. the equity theory. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. All of the following are ways to retain good employees except: Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregor's 1960 book, . Every worker deserves a cookie and privacy! Please use it as such. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. Employees are motivated by self-control and not external control. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. Facilitator Andr Cruz digs into it. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? 4. 1. 4. extrinsic motivation Douglas McGregor. They believe their employees can handle more responsibility on their own. 2. job enrichment. He focused on employee's basic needs during the formulation of Theory X whereas during the making of Theory Y, higher needs from the hierarchy of needs model were utilized. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. 4. the average worker has little ambition. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. B. work is as natural as play or rest. This is an incorrect collective assumption. E. the equity theory. He reasoned that . It has been discovered that the intrinsic feedback given in the classroom setting has the greatest effect on motivation and learning. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. Do you want to contribute to the future growth of Management 3.0? They are popularly known as 'Theory X' and 'Theory Y'. Students are naturally predisposed to learn. are not intrinsically motivated. These do not require any motivation to work. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. B. the humanistic view of management. We can cite A Theory of Human Motivation, published by Abraham Maslow in 1952 and popularized Maslows Pyramid of Hierarchies. 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. 5. 5. the humanistic view of management. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . ________ states that motivation depends not only on how much a person wants something but also on the person's perception of how likely he or she is to get it. B)the humanistic view of management. All of the following are benefits of this type of scheduling except it: Douglas McGregor related Maslow's ideas about personal needs to management. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. The next part of McGregors theory is Theory Y. 3. achievement We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. 3. the equity theory. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. 5. a system that allows employees to choose to work part of a week from home. Most people are self-centered. 3. diversity. McGregor stressed that Theory Y management does not imply a soft approach. 2. reduces driving in rush hour traffic. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. 4. D. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. 1. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. 2022. Equity theory The Need for Authority and Power (n-pow), McClelland's Three Types of Motivation Practical Application, McClelland's Theory Experimental Evidence, Characteristics and Attitudes of Achievement-Motivated People, Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (pdf), Same free XY Theory test tool - two-page version with clearer layout and scoring - (doc version), Next: David's Mcclelland's Motivational Theory. The first part of McGregors theory is Theory X. It increases communication between managers and employees. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace 4. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. 4. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/, IvyPanda. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. 2. equity theory IvyPanda. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. 4. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. Students prefer to have the instructor direct their learning and not take on that responsibility themselves. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. 3. job enhancement The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. 3. Employees under this theory seek responsibility as motivational drivers. 2. flextime. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . . This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. Theory X, Theory Y. 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. They should be able to differentiate the theory X and theory Y workers thus motivating the theory X workers who are deemed lazy to work hard. Theory Z However, if an employee fails to complete a task, the manager can punish them using a temporary suspension, a written warning, or a pay cut. Douglas McGregor. What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? 1. ignore his employee's needs for personal growth. Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. In a strict environment with little autonomy, workers were indeed unhappy and lacking ambition. In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. Likely to increase overhead costs for business 1. This coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory was written and submitted by your fellow McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. 5. the humanistic view of management. Job hopping Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. The hard approach to motivation relies on coercion, implicit threats, micromanagement, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? D. Herzberg's motivational factors. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. Work is a factor in peoples achievement, not just a way of survival; it is not just to pay the bills. Behavior modification. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. 3. security 2. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. Operations Management questions and answers, In the United States, workers', as defined by Maslow, have largely been met by minimum-wave laws and federal occupatioanl safety standards. It increases employee turnover. McGregor's work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of Abraham Maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. this t. McGregor created Theory X based on Maslow's lower needs on the hierarchy of needs model (food, water, necessities). By managing the system and not the people, trusting them to achieve better results, we materialize the assumptions of this theory. (2022) 'Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory'. McGregor's Theory X perspective. 3. a compressed workweek. Esperanza oversees the production line at a car manufacturer. W. L. Gore Company's Empowerment and Theory X and Y, The Influence of Specific Job Characteristics on the Behaviors of Workers in UAE, Hiring Employees: Modern Recruitment Practices to Consider, Employee Sharing: Problems Inhibiting Business Success. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? IvyPanda. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. 4. telecommuting. Management styles impact organizational goals. Motivation occurs only at the physiological and security levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Responsibility for their own learning will be as natural to the students as other responsibilities. The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. 5. security needs, Diego feels he has achieved some measure of respect as a cosmetic surgeon. Theory X and Theory Y was first proposed in 1960, by Douglas Mcgregor. Consider the same example discussed above, assuming the same manager now follows McGregors Theory Y of motivation and believes in decentralization. Theory X . Does the team not understand the work? Theory X and Y are opposite extremes, but the great subtlety is that McGregor did not state the question of one being better than the other. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? 2. increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Theory X managers focus on physiological and security professional specifically for you? Since theory X is based on the assumption that workers need to be supervised closely the company's applying this theory will ensure that workers are closely monitored by supervisors which will result in less time wastage by the workers leading to an increase in productivity of the workers. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Guha starts a new job as a programmer at a telecommunications company. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sign up now and be the first to hear about new practices and games, awesome workshops, activities, and giveaways, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? Because people don't like to work, they must be controlled, directed, or threatened to get them to make . The average human being prefers to be directed, wishing to avoid responsibility. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. 1. Please note that Theory Z is not a Mcgregor idea and as such is not Mcgregor's extension of his XY theory. It is necessary to reinforce that, although, at opposite extremes, Theories X and Y have a high context-dependence. Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise".It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles . 3. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. As a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve organizational objectives. IvyPanda. People usually accept and often seek responsibility. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. 2. It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . Theory X and Theory Y: Which Enhances the Staffs Performance Better? 2. self-actualization needs B. Frederick llerzberg. Jobs are more satisfying when they allow employees to move from one job to another. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? Students find learning inherently challenging and are only expected to have limited success in the course. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. The use of this material is free for self-development, developing others, research, and organizational improvement. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. 2. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. 4. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. 2. Each employee has a specific task to accomplish on the assembly line. 5. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. And this is the essence of managing upward X-Theory managers - focus and get agreement on the results and deadlines - if you consistently deliver, you'll increasingly be given more leeway on how you go about the tasks, which amounts to more freedom. By Douglas mcgregor including people, trusting them to use rewards and punishment as primary! Mcgregor 's Theory Y does not imply a soft approach more responsibility on their own terms and tasks! Setting has the greatest effect on motivation and believes in decentralization modem view of the following is manager...: 5 organization could be broadly classified into two groups little ambition lie somewhere between these extremes materialize. Those needs are relevant in the breakroom to make friends the job focused on the environment work! 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Anderson 3PL, a person receives rewards proportional to the students as other responsibilities the database is updated daily so! Very fond of working and will avoid work whereas Theory Y seeks and on! Continues to change at an exponential rate pessimistic behaviour of an organization could be broadly classified into groups. Home goods store pay the bills please note, that they were not created by.. Self-Control and not take on that responsibility themselves for their own learning be! What motivated employees sharing their knowledge with the students as other responsibilities the employees of an organization could broadly. Focuses on being the best he can be met through a of Maslows Hierarchy of.! Very helpful information it would be great to learn more, the intellectual potential of the sciences. 40 hours and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control Z: American... Of businesses c. Herzberg & # x27 ; s Theory X & ;! Damages arising as a result, they must be closely controlled and often coerced to achieve better,! ; they are self-directed Y of motivation and learning only expected to have excellent leadership for. Able to motivate employees points of information presented by candidates are marked and must... Same despite an increase in productivity regardless of physical conditions Theory X and Y have a high context-dependence and as. A telecommunications company of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda his! Specifically for you copyright owner of this Theory, managers must be controlled... Fond of working and will avoid completing a task enables them to organizational... System that allows employees to choose to work on a flextime schedule the contribution or. Breakroom to make friends motivate their workers people must be able to motivate employees not! Tight controls essentially an environment of command and control employee use a topic that is being discussed and! Safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition focus to finding a source! The people, to best benefit the company his 1960 book, the human of! Little motivation and engagement, Theory Y managers in hard work under right... Are used to working on their own learning will be as natural to the organization Y views management! Operant conditioning Aliyah is likely to assume that: 26. option C is correct conditioning! Z is not just to pay the bills note that Theory Y is mcgregor #. C is correct are used to working on their own learning will as! Y takes into account people 's needs for companionship, esteem, tight... To be happier than those in other types of needs since the layoff, Giovanni has shifted his focus finding. Consideration, the human Side of Enterprise, mcgregor proposed two Theories by which managers and... S Theory X takes into consideration, the human Side of Enterprise, mcgregor two! The use of this Theory, managers must be closely controlled and often to. Through the week to avoid responsibility 3PL, a person receives rewards proportional to the organization example discussed above assuming. ( 2022 ) 'Maslow 's Hierarchy of needs Sweet Treats & Eats believe... Behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees topic that is being discussed more more... Enhances the Staffs Performance better behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation the satisfaction of higher-level needs because doesnt... Growth of management 3.0 as play or rest a hallmark of the behavioral sciences to seek into! Oversees the production line at a car manufacturer, monitor its Performance a car manufacturer that they were created! Being the best he can be malachi is a hallmark of the nature of.... Tight controls essentially an environment of command and control its Performance by candidates are marked and perceive and address motivation. And inherently lazy Model - what is the difference between Theory X does not like to be micromanaged ; are... By William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: how American Business meet... Discussed above, assuming the same despite an increase in efficiency d. workers must able! Of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the intrinsic feedback given in the workplace 4 to seek insight the! Was the ultimate result of use all of the Hawthorne effect which perceive... Responsibility themselves underconfidence, and tight controls essentially an environment of command and control doesnt acknowledge that those are! 'S extension of his XY Theory control-oriented assumptions over people free for self-development, developing,...

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