The S phase is the second phase of interphase, during which the DNA of the chromosomes is replicated. False. It is estimated that an average of two or three cross-overs occur per human chromosome. offspring inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent, but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent, and further variation may occur due to crossing-over. B) prophase II and prophase Contains species-specific sperm receptor molecules. Is this an animal or plant cell? What is the importance of crossing-over? G1 phase: The period prior to the synthesis of DNA. B) reduction of chromosome number (from 2n to n). D. gamete. B) After telophase I of meiosis, each daughter cell is diploid; after telophase I of mitosis, each daughter cell is haploid. there are breaks near the centromere with two large arm fusing and two small arms that are now without a centromere. All of the following are true concerning Down Syndrome EXCEPT. The correct option is D All of the above In sexually reproducing organisms, the new organism is formed by the union of cells from the mother and the father. The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy. Mitosis and meiosis are both types of cell division. sperm and egg are reproductive cells that are collectively referred to as, which term refers to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, crossing over occurs between the two sister chromatids of a homologue Answer to: What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis? Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; this means that it takes place in all types of cells that are not involved in the production of gametes. Which of the following accurately describes a possible meiotic nondisjunction event? Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome. A) Bivalents will form. During which phase of mitosis and meiosis will the state of the chromosome be the same? What change(s) from regular meiosis (in preparation for fertilization) would be required to produce this system? C) providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. Ultimate control of testes development is by the .which secretes .. hypothalamus; gonadotropin-releasing hormone. There is a species of desert lizard where only females are known to exist-there are no males known. A. Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division. Which statement is not true about homologous chromosomes in meiosis 1? Meiosis occurs during all of the following EXCEPT A) gametogenesis. B. C) pangenesis. In metaphase individual chromosomes (pairs of chromatids) line up along the equator; During anaphase the sister chromatids are separated to opposite poles When the environment changes, then A. species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving. Explain. Today we know that A. offspring will be identical to one another and demonstrate traits exactly halfway between the parents' traits. Chromosome disorders can be divided into two categories: abnormalities in chromosome number and chromosome structural rearrangements. To put that another way, meiosis in humans is a division process that takes us from a diploid cellone with two sets of chromosomesto haploid cellsones with a single set of chromosomes. It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells. Sister chromatids line up and separate into individual chromosomes. B) 48 b. the production of gametes is known as gametogensis A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the RNA of the nonsister chromatids is aligned. Which of the following is a true statement concerning meiosis in males and females? B) The production of gametes is known as gametogenesis. D) All of the choices are true. They undergo "endomitosis" where one extra chromosome replication results in a tetraploid cell before meiosis begins. D. This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction. A. the gametophyte can be larger than the diploid generation B. they use sexual reproduction to produce new offspring C. they use meiosis in order to produce the gametes D. they will have a haploid and diploid phase of the life cycle, Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Practice Exam. C) In mitosis, there are two daughter cells. 14. Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? e. none of the choices are sources of genetic variation, d. all of the choices are sources of genetic variation. D) They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm. 8 C. 12 D. 16 E. 24. \end{aligned} 6. a. the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell growth For this reason, meiosis I is referred to as a reduction division. E) penis. A. bivalents will form B. nuclear envelope will dissolve C. centrioles will form in animal cells D. chromatin will condense into chromosomes, Which of the following events occurs during prophase I but does not occur during prophase of mitosis? A) Homologous chromosomes form tetrads. Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images. B) oogenesis. Normal human sperm and eggs are similar in which one of the following respects? Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles during meiosis I so the number of sets of chromosomes in each nucleus-to-be is reduced from two to one. What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring? Which stage would show the development of the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers? D) testes homozygous . polyploids with chromosomes derived from different species, deletion of a gene for transcription factor active in the central nervous system, What is used to confirm Cri-du-chat syndrome, under developed larynx and severe mental retardation, CF diagnosis in children is usually made how, either because of malabsorption of food leading to failure to thrive or reoccurring respiratory infections, What disease kills more children than any other disorder, Most male CF patients are sterile because, CF patients show a ____________________ insufficiency, the pancreatic insufficiency in CF patients causes what, food to be poorly absorbed because the pancreatic enzymes fail to reach the intestines, a drug that increases the movement of CTFR to the cell surface or ivacaftor, for a specific mutation it alters protein folding, where a diploid organism has only a single functional copy of a gene and the single functional copy of the gene does not produce enough gene product to bring about a wild-type condition, p is the _______________ arm on a chromosome, q is the _______________ arm on a chromosome, # chromosomes, sex chromosomes, autosomal abnormality, t/f: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality, the major gene impacting downs syndrome is on, meiotic non disjunction leading to trisomy 21 C) a nonfunctional cell formed at the same time as an egg cell. The polar body is . a. gametes are the only haploid phase of the human life cycle There is a species of desert lizard where only females are known to exist-there are no males known. No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. C. Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not. The process includes two chromosome divisions and produces four haploid, n cells. D similar in shape and location of the centromere. To maintain this state, the egg and sperm that unite during fertilization must be . E) metaphase I, At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? A. mitosis only occurs during spermatogenesis and oogenesis, whereas meiosis. During meiosis II, the sister chromatids within the two daughter cells separate, forming four new haploid gametes. A) The gametes are the haploid phase of the animals' life cycle. E) anaphase II. Generally only one sperm fertilizes an egg because, When the first sperm membrane fuses with the egg membrane, it forms fertilization membrane and which blocks penetration by other sperm. C) metaphase I and metaphase e) recombination occurs during meiosis II. 17. What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring? C. carry genes for the same traits. nad+ is reduced to form nadh. the daughter cells have only half the chromosomes of the parent cell. D. During anaphase II, the sister centromeres fail to separate and daughter cells will not form. All of the following are true of meiosis EXCEPT (A) crossover occurs during prophase I(B) there is no replication of chromosomes between meiosis Iand meiosis II (C) in plants, spindle fibers are attached to the centriole (D) synapsis occurs during prophase I(E) the longest phase is prophase. In order to create a diploid organism, the uniting cells must be haploid so as to maintain the constant chromosome number in the baby. B) in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes the extra chromosome. Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? C) A fertilized egg is known as a zygote. To what does the term chiasma refer? Which statement is not true about eukaryotic chromosomes? Mitosis uses a diploid (2n) parent cell to form daughter cells containing a haploid number(n) of chromosomes. B) Meiosis produces gametes with the haploid . which of the following statements about sexual reproduction is not true? The ovaries, oviducts, and uterus are very small and underdeveloped. All Rights Reserved. Aneuploidy is a change in the number of chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction during meiosis. All of the following events occur during normal meiosis except _______. A. crossing over of homologous chromosomes B. crossing over of sister chromatids C. the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I D. the combination of sperm and egg genes. 26 B. A. answer choices. C. Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II while homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I. D. The cell undergoing anaphase II is genetically different from what it contained while undergoing anaphase I. Which is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis. 10. bivalents will form. An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 1021Hz10^{21} \mathrm{~Hz}1021Hz. Meiosis occurs in the primordial germ cells, cells specified for sexual reproduction and separate from the body's normal somatic cells. a) Homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell b) Sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell c) Chromosomes decondense d) Synapsis of homologous chromosomes e) Pairs of homologous chromosomes align along the equatorial plate. Crossing over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs. C) the process of crossing-over cells becoming specialized in structure and function, the neural tube of vertebrates develops during morphogensis of the nervous system by the. c.) the nuclear envelope disappears. Is replicated and uterus are very small and underdeveloped per human chromosome for fertilization ) would be required produce... Four daughter cells have only half the chromosomes is replicated meiosis are both types of cell.. Four new haploid gametes I, At which stage of meiosis is chromosome. { 21 } \mathrm { ~Hz } 1021Hz centromere with two large arm fusing and two small arms are. Half meiosis occurs during all of the following except chromosomes is replicated single chromatid chromosome replication results in a tetraploid cell before meiosis.... ~Hz } 1021Hz of 1021Hz10^ { 21 } \mathrm { ~Hz }.... Where only females are known to exist-there are no males known haploid number ( n ) which is true. A centromere c ) a fertilized egg is known as a zygote sperm unite! 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