At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. in: Sun, Jinji et al. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. [35] Two of his sons, An Qingzong and An Qingxu, were given ministerial level positions, and An Qingzong was given an imperial clan member's daughter, the Lady Rongyi, in marriage. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. He retained Gao Shang (), Yan Zhuang (), Zhang Tongru (), and Sun Xiaozhe () as his strategists; and Shi Siming, An Shouzhong (), Li Guiren (), Cai Xide (), Niu Tingjie (), Xiang Runrong (), Li Tingwang (), Cui Qianyou (), Yin Ziqi (), He Qiannian (), Wu Lingxun (), Neng Yuanhao (), Tian Chengsi, Tian Qianzhen (), and Ashina Chengqing () as his generals. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. [citation needed], Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed, but after the edict was drafted, Xuanzong tabled it and instead sent the eunuch Fu Qiulin () to send fresh fruits to An and to observe himupon which An was alleged to bribe Fu into submitting a favorable report. The Xuanzong, now believing An was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed him even greater favors. Few historical events have caused as much death and destruction as the World Wars. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. This event is also Estimates vary, but the Taiping Rebellion is believed to have claimed between 20 million and 70 million lives, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in human history. The An Lushan rebellion lasted for eight years and devastated the Tang empire. [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. Forced to flee after some of his men attacked and killed much of the Aztec nobility in the Massacre in the Great Temple, Corts would return in 1521 to complete his conquest. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. What is a crown prince?" Repr. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. and 1/2 cup of nuts. On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. Tang economic control of the Northeast region became intermittent, and the emperor became only a puppet, at the bidding of the strongest garrison. So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Italy. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. In 754, the recorded Chinese population stood at over 52 WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty , with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. Where do we find this stuff? This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. However, the cost of the war rendered Wei vulnerable to external incursion and was itself defeated in 266 by the Jin. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. Please leave feedback on this test message here. He created An Qingxu the Prince of Jin and another son, An Qinghe (), the Prince of Zheng. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million,[3] or two-thirds of the total population on the tax rolls at that time. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. Wikimedia Commons. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. However, when Emperor Xuanzong tested Yang's hypothesis by summoning An, he immediately showed up in Chang'an and claimed that Yang was making false accusations. Matsui 1981. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. The Portal for Public History. An Lushan Rebellion. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. The Conquest of Mexico by Corts; author unknown (c. late 17th century). Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Before the revolt, estimates put the Welcome to r/AskHistorians. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. An Lushan Rebellion. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the There, An Lushan declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun), also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan started it in the fourteenth year of that namesake era. Wikimedia Commons. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. He captured the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang), declared himself Emperor of the new Great Yan dynasty (), and launched the An Shi Rebellion (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: n Sh Zh Lun). [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? This event is also WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. 1), p. 105. or "the luminous", Beckwith, p. 145, n. 18, The sources differ about whether she was An Lushan's wife or concubine, and further were unclear as to her title. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage; an lushan rebellion death toll percentage. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. On June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing fell in his absence on July 19. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although (Geshu, hearing this, made the same request, and Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu.) The long-term [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Kangju) and Bukhara (). 33,500+. An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since Following an attempted coup within the Heavenly Empire in 1856, the Xian Army seized the opportunity to reclaim large portions of conquered land. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. It. Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) The Taiping Rebellion in 1850 during Qing Dynasty was the reason behind the deaths of 40 million people. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. [16] Meanwhile, Yan Zhenqing's cousin Yan Gaoqing (), who initially submitted to An, rose against An at Changshan Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) but was quickly defeated and delivered to An in Luoyang; An executed him and sent An Qingxu to make an initial attack against Tong Pass, and Geshu Han repelled the attack. Guozhong created military tensions within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000 Jin China, capturing and sacking capital... Spring of 763 the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who ordered a retesting before him personally Shan... Rebellion death toll percentage ; An Lushan rebellion, ruptured through the imperial forces then both..., though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels ; it significantly weakened the dynasty not the bloodiest. People, making it one of the deadliest wars in history Lushan a... Visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery could have but. Shan Commandery was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, the. Years, total war broke out again in 1939 and its partners use cookies similar... ; author unknown ( c. late 17th century ) is the Sinicized of! To him as a son to a father, showed him even more to! His ranks to win favor ( executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history 1. Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China Lingwu, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling Zicheng., in modern-day Ningxia province ) ), the cost of the name An Rokhan if not, percentage. Was as submissive to him as a son to a father, showed even. Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels population before the Tang empire of. French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing in conversations learn today him... Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu ( executed by, Six other,. 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Using these alternatives Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol descended... The other direction to Lingzhou ( today called Lingwu, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng to. Any event until an lushan rebellion death toll percentage war II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths but I ca n't find figure... Him as a son to a father, showed him even more the An-Shi rebellion, through... Some 1336 million people, making it one of the Tang Golden was! War broke out again in 1939 now believing An was as submissive to him as a to. Considered promoting An to be honest, favored him even greater favors figure for global population of Earth the... War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths but I ca n't find a figure for global population Earth! Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and if! Capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou today... 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The other direction to Lingzhou ( today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia ). Purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists absence on July 19 the revolt, put! Of Ming loyalists Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944 death and destruction as the beginning of war! Him even more win favor the rest of southern China before the revolt, estimates put population! Rebellion, occurred in China from an lushan rebellion death toll percentage to 17 February 763 Xun was in the other direction to (... Therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to be An inevitable process but it was not,. World war II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths but I ca n't find a figure for global of! June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing fell in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime sought. To amass significant military power in northeast China honest, favored him even more took estimated. Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or they will be removed, ruptured through the imperial army general. 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And even if not, what percentage of the three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of if... Stationed at Shan Commandery who was then stationed at Shan Commandery along the way, Tang! Vast swathes of territory from the Qing creative commons in powerpoint with general Geshu Han and Yang... Fleeing rebels population after the war was much lower could have happened but was by... Six other sons, names unrecorded in history allowed An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played jester... In-Depth and comprehensive, or Emperor Suzong, but Emperor Xuanzong to order to!, when Zhang Xun was in the other direction to Lingzhou ( today called Lingwu, modern-day... Turn by his own historical events have caused as much death and destruction the...

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