"Woman Pleads Innocent in Husband's Poisoning Death." Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. Symptoms: Poisoning as a result of eating an oleander plant can cause severe digestive problems, seizures, comas and even death. However, the roses sharp prickles can harm your pet, so be careful. Your email address will not be published. If you have experienced growing this shrub in a way that prevents toxic ingestion, or if you have any questions, feel free to share your input in the comments section below. COPYRIGHT 2023 ASK THE EXPERTS LLC. City News Service. It can even be toxic to tortoises. Furthermore, snake plants, hostas, and oleander are also toxic for dogs. The leaves and flowers are highly toxic as well, as are the seeds, fruit, nectar, and sap. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes, certain outdoor and indoor plants, when consumed by your cat, will cause fatal side effects. Conn's Current Therapy 2022. Oleander (Nerium oleander) is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is prized by home gardeners for its showy, funnel-shaped blooms. According to the ASPCA, the clinical signs of daisy intoxication include hypersalivation, dermatitis, and incoordination. Check them out. The staff at Gardeners Path are not medical professionals and this article should not be construed as medical advice intended to assess, diagnose, prescribe, or promise cure. All parts of the plant are toxic and only small volumes need to be eaten by your dog or cat to cause illness. Gelsemium comes in three flowering varieties two native to North America and one to China. However, its important to be knowledgeable of oleander toxicity and the potential for oleander poisoning before you plant. However, all parts of this plant are highly toxic and in some locations is considered invasive. All parts of the plant are toxic, including the leaves, stems, and flowers. If consumed, the pet can experience mouth foaming, tongue swelling, vomiting, drooling, and diarrhea. Also, make sure you dont create a problem for susceptible airways. Animals, good books, health, fitness, self-careyou name it. How to Grow Crocuses Indoors, .slick-slider#wpsp-83657 {margin-left: 0px; }.slick-slider#wpsp-83657 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; }#wpsp-83657.wpsp-card .wp-show-posts-single {margin-bottom: 2em; }.slick-slider#wpsp-83657 .wp-show-posts-single {margin-bottom: 0px; }#wpsp-83657 .wp-show-posts-inner {background-color: #ffffff; }#wpsp-83657.wp-show-posts .wp-show-posts-entry-title {font-size: .9em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-83657 {margin-left: -2em; }.wp-show-posts-columns#wpsp-83657 .wp-show-posts-inner {margin: 0 0 2em 2em; } Ill cover the details about this poisonous plant here, and provide some common-sense precautions for safe enjoyment. This national hotline will let you talk to experts in poisoning. Keep in mind that many plants in your yard can be dangerous to you canine if ingested. Just as important, if you grow edible plants, make sure the veggie patch is located nowhere near oleander shrubs. More importantly, Rose loves a gardens ability to make a well-kept manicure virtually impossible and revive the spirits, especially in tough times. All parts of the nerium oleander are poisonous, primarily due to the contained cardiac glycosidesthat is, oleandrin, nerin, digitoxigenin, and olinerin of which oleandrin is the principal toxin. How much oleander is deadly to dogs? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Oleander is a common outdoor woody shrub found in warmer climates, often used for edging freeways or gardens. One of the best ways to prevent your pet from eating plants is by training them properly. However, the Hibiscus syriacus, or the rose of Sharon, is a plant species that can be dangerous for dog consumption. Symptoms: All parts of the plant are toxic if eaten, particularly the fruit and seeds. httpv://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRTxFSiqdyU. In the spring, popular Easter flowers pose the greatest risks. If oleander is grown outdoors, be sure to monitor your pets closely if they like to make an occasional snack of ornamental vegetation. Honey made from oleander flowers is also poisonous. Still, its important to take precautions since ingestion could be fatal. . However, if consumed in large quantities, daisies can be incredibly poisonous. The burden is on you to plant and tend oleander in a way that does not allow any person or animal to accidentally ingest it. Im considering adding one to my garden and want to know the risks. 7th ed. They cut some sticks for everyone, and roast away, and eat their fill. Common plants dangerous to dogs health include hydrangeas, azaleas, lilies, geraniums, marigolds, lilacs, tulips, gardenias, lantanas, and begonias. Dogs, cats, goats, cattle, sheep, camelids, budgerigaries, rabbits and horses are all species that have been affected by oleander. 5 Other plants, including peace lilies, calla lilies, lily of the valley, and palm lilies can also cause problems for your pets. A single leaf can be lethal to a child eating it, although mortality is generally very low in humans. It is a plant worthy of respect even by those who neither have children nor themselves make it their habit to gnaw on shrubbery, as cats and dogs -- and even horses -- have been killed by oleander poisoning. Ingestion of any part of the oleander plant can lead to dire consequences for both humans and animals. Fv 27, 2023 . Oleander can also irritate mucus membranes, which may make an affected person salivate more, and experience a burning sensation around their mouth. 2023 Gardening Know How, Future US LLC, Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. February 27, 2023 endeavor air pilot contract No Comments . Yes, dogs can safely consume any part of the dandelion plant. But these shrubs also contain cardiac glycosides, which are poisonous. Oleander remains toxic when dry. Yes, these beautiful flowering shrubs are among the. In addition to the cardiac glycosides, the shrub contains saponins which cause skin irritation and eye inflammation. If a dog ingests a significant amount of this hibiscus flower, they can experience nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Consequently, as a pet parent, learning about the plant, how to identify it, different names it is known . Note: Depression, loss of appetite, and halos are most often seen in chronic overdose cases. Renee Miller began writing professionally in 2008, contributing to websites and the "Community Press" newspaper. The lethal dose of the green oleander leaves for cattle and horses has been found to be 0.005% of the animals body weight. Yes, hydrangeas are toxic for both cats and dogs, but only when consumed in larger quantities. After attaining her masters degree in English language and literature, she has decided to join the team of creative writers dedicated to delivering the hottest content on the web. Make sure anyone who assists you with gardening chores knows about all of these safety precautions, too. Many common ivy plants, such as the golden pothos and the English ivy, are harmful to dogs and cats. It is used as a freeway median divider in warmer states, such as California. (Then wash your hands. A version of it appears in a gardening book published in England in 1886, under the entry for "Nerium" (which is another name for this plant): The leaves are fatal to animals (horses, &c): the flowers have caused death to those who carelessly picked and ate them, and it is on record that the branches, divested of their bark, and used as skewers, have poisoned the meat roasted on them, and killed seven of twelve people who partook of it. If youre looking for the best quality dry dog food on the market, check out our reader-favorite article on the topic. Oleander is so toxic, humans dont even have to ingest it to experience symptoms of poisoning just touching the plant and tree sap with bare hands or inhaling the smoke of burning oleander can induce toxic effects. Found commonly in warm locations (e.g., along highways in Hawaii, California, Texas, etc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Keep in mind; this list features both houseplants and outdoor plants. These compounds are known as cardiac glycoside toxins because they disrupt the balance of electrolytes in the heart muscle. "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Will cats eat poisonous plants? Overview of the Non-Toxic Plants for Dogs, Overview of the Most Toxic Plants for Cats. Insect bites and , Dog food needs to contain more fiber than meat can provide by itself. This article is for information only. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Can dogs eat cactus? It is a lovely plant, but you may decide that the risks outweigh the benefits. Namely, coleus contains an essential oil harmful to dogs and cats it may cause skin burns and irritations. The flowers are often abundant, and some oleander varieties give off a pleasant fragrance. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Our gardening obsessed editors and writers choose every product we review. If youre concerned about livestock or a pet, contact your veterinarian immediately. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2022: 1372-1425. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Like cats, most dogs will not consume plants that are toxic to them. If humans or animals eat the blooms, leaves, stems, or roots, they can suffer a host of serious, or even fatal, reactions. Required fields are marked *. Although it is typically not fatal, the babys breath plant can cause diarrhea, lethargy, vomiting, and anorexia in cats. Do not burn oleander clippings or any part of the plant. People who have consumed oleander may also have dilated eyes. can be present in your local park, your neighbors backyard, and even your garden. What is the prettiest but deadliest flower? It contains chemicals called toxic cardiac glycosides, which can lead to death when consumed. ","acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If you are familiar with the history of dogs, you might know that wild canines used to eat plants and greenery leaves to fill nutrient deficiencies in their diets. In fact, , If your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact your local veterinarian immediately. list you can enjoy them in your garden or inside your home. Symptoms of oleander poisoning include: Blurred vision. Now that you know the most common outdoor plants dangerous for dogs, lets move on to the indoor plants. Hardy to U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10, oleander is part of the Apocynaceae or dogbane family. Oleanders are severely toxic to our canine friends (and us humans as well). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Medical toxicology. Was there ever such an ill-fated family or troop of Boy Scouts? It does not need to be an emergency. Yes and no. , then it may experience some of the following symptoms: What happens when a cat eats a poisonous plant? Yes, certain outdoor and indoor plants, when consumed by your cat, will cause fatal side effects. Yes, as mentioned before, all parts of the geranium plant are toxic to both cats and dogs. Oleander is toxic in all forms, whether fresh or dried. The use of sympathetic characters makes for a loss deemed especially tragic and adds to the pathos of the story, which in turn helps ensure that the tale better sticks in memory and so makes for a more effective teaching device. Yes, babys breath is potentially dangerous for cats. Unfortunately, the Oleander plant is toxic for all mammals, including dogs, cats, rabbits, horses, goats, and pigs. is exceptionally long, we will focus on the most common outdoor plants toxic to dogs. Also, some poisonous plants, such as bluebells and grannys bonnet, need to be consumed in much larger quantities to actually become harmful, so they are less likely to cause an issue. How toxic are oleanders to dogs? Use treats and a gentle voice to lead your dog away from the area. Once in . Your local poison control center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States. From 419 quotes ranging from $600 - $8,000. Learn how to identify these plants and avoid putting them near animals. Toxic Plants To Dogs - Plants That Are Poisonous To Dogs, Plants Poisonous To Horses: Common Plants That Are Poisonous To Horses, How To Create A Secret Garden In Your Own Backyard, Reasons For No Brussels Sprouts On Plants, Sweet Pea Seedpods: Tips On Collecting Seeds From Sweet Peas, Pirate Bug Habitats How To Identify Minute Pirate Bug Eggs And Nymphs, Suckers On Lemon Trees: What Are Tree Shoots At Base Of Lemon Tree, How Often To Water Anthuriums Helpful Anthurium Watering Instructions, Home & Garden Marketplace: Advertiser Info. Oleander plants contain several toxic elements, including cardiac glycosides, saponins, digitoxigenin, oleandrin, oleondroside, nerioside and other unknown toxins. Highly unlikely says this 2005 toxicological study: Methods: Hot dogs (Hebrew National Beef Franks, ConAgra Foods) were skewered their full length on either freshly-cut or dried Nerium oleander branches (4 each) and cooked over a disposable charcoal barbecue. It can even be toxic to tortoises. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Yes, all species of begonia are highly poisonous to cats. If some oleander snuck in, be sure to carefully dispose of any produce that may have come into contact with it dont toss just the toxic leaves. Should I use weed killer to kill the plant before trying to dispose of it. In case you are a cat owner, and you have any of these plants, we suggest keeping your cat away from them at all times. Daylilies, unlike traditional lilies, are not poisonous to dogs. Oleanders funnel-shaped flowers bloom in clusters at the twig tips from summer to fall, and come in shades of white, pink, red, or yellow. If poisoning is serious, effects can include respiratory paralysis, coma, or death. When he's not writing or caring for Bella, Hubert can often be found hiking in the nearby forests or spending time at the beach. An oleander plant is very lethal, and consumption of just 20-30 of its leaves can put down a cow weighing 1500 lb. A couple of common treatments include benzodiazepines for seizures and intravenous fluids for dehydration. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To avoid skin irritation, make sure you and any helpers wear gloves, long pants, long sleeves, and protective eyewear when working with these plants. Also, some animals learn which foods are safe to eat from their parents. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); If you are searching for a pet-safe approach to beautifying your indoor space and your garden, this article on. There are reports of animals becoming gravely ill by ingesting a few leaves, by eating meat that was cooked on a skewer of oleander, or drinking water that had oleander leaves or flowers in it. Gardeners in warm climates often rely on oleander in the landscape, and for good reason; this nearly foolproof evergreen shrub is available in a tremendous variety of shapes, sizes, adaptability, and flower color. The roots and stems contain the most toxins. Otherwise, take care to plant nerium only in areas that arent easily accessible, versus growing it close to a porch or sidewalk. This material may not be reproduced without permission. Associated Press. If you need to dispose of oleander clippings or any debris from an oleander plant, pick it upwearing glovesand put it into a trash bag. Open 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Oleander poisoning occurs when someone eats the flowers or chews the leaves or stems of the oleander plant (Nerium oleander), or its relative, the yellow oleander (Cascabela thevetia). and cats might be a life-saver (quite literally). It was also told as a true, local, and recent tale in the 1970s in Australia. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual poison exposure. Oleander is an extremely toxic plant. If youve wondered Can dogs eat ham?, the answer is no. According to the ASPCA, if consumed, begonias may cause salivation, vomiting, and kidney failure in livestock. Oleander Additional Common Names: Rose-Bay Scientific Name: Nerium oleander Family: Apocynaceae Toxicity: Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses Toxic Principles: Cardiac glycosides Clinical Signs: Drooling, abdominal pain, diarrhea, colic, depression, death A troop of Boy Scouts dies after roasting hot dogs on oleander sticks. It does not store any personal data. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. Though we've searched for news stories about such a tragedy, we haven't found any, not even an account of a non-fatal poisoning. So, In the following section, youll learn about plant alternatives for dog safety. Moreover, aloe vera can change the color of the dogs urine. The bark also contains rosagenin which has strychninelike actions. dogs should not be fed Russian . DO NOT touch or eat any plant with which you are not familiar. oleander as a potentially toxic plant, because ingestion of 0.005% of dog's weight of dry leaves could lead to death. Although the marigold plants effects are typically not fatal, your dog might experience some discomfort upon exposure. Namely, bufadienolides and cardenolides are two naturally occurring toxins in oleander. Yes, tulips are incredibly toxic to both dogs and cats and are considered one of the more dangerous plants that are poisonous to dogs. If you do have a pet, make sure to take notes for future reference! Oleander (leaves and branches) is deemed extremely dangerous, with the poison known to affect the heart, produce severe digestive upset, and to have caused death. The Innocent Killer, Lily of the Valley. She is co-founder of On Fiction Writing, a website for writers. As mentioned, they are one of the plants toxic to dogs too. So, you can safely grow daylilies in your garden without fearing that they might be toxic to your pet. Sadly, for farm animals, the first indication that theyve accidentally ingested oleander is often their sudden death. This plant is extremely toxic, and a single leaf may kill an adult. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Since snake plants contain saponins, a toxic chemical substance, they may cause. Oleander remains toxic when dry. Supposedly, the family unwittingly speared the dogs with branches from an oleander to cook them over the fire. Answer (1 of 5): I would treat oleander poisoning in my dog by getting her to the vet ASAP. In his posts, he often writes about the joys and challenges of dog ownership, and the special bond that exists between humans and their canine friends. Even smoke from burning oleander leaves can be irritating. How poisonous is oleander? This sorrowful tale of the fatal poisoning by oleander sticks used to roast treats over a campfire has been part of the urban legend canon for decades, with many of our readers in the United States reporting having heard versions of it in the 1960s and even the 1950s. Hibiscus is a typically non-toxic plant for dogs. If you or someone in your home is experiencing poisoning symptoms, or if you suspect ingestion of oleander plant parts it is vital that you seek immediate medical attention by contacting your local emergency services or by calling the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. On to the indoor plants and cardenolides are two naturally occurring toxins oleander... Over the fire smoke from burning oleander leaves can put down a cow 1500... Dogs eat ham?, the clinical signs of daisy intoxication include hypersalivation, dermatitis, some!, California, Texas, etc roses sharp prickles can harm your,. Can safely grow daylilies in your garden without fearing that they might be a life-saver quite... I would treat oleander poisoning before you plant is toxic for both cats and dogs but! May experience some of these safety precautions, too 1970s how much oleander is poisonous to dogs Australia I! Skin irritation and eye inflammation the Non-Toxic plants for cats features both houseplants and outdoor toxic! Cats, rabbits, horses, goats, and consumption of just 20-30 of its can... And seeds leaves for cattle and horses has been found to be knowledgeable of oleander toxicity the. Even death. youll learn about plant alternatives for dog consumption shrub in. Your local park, your dog ate ham and is reacting adversely, contact local! Locations ( e.g., along highways in Hawaii, California, Texas, etc fresh or dried eating,... Eating it, different names it is used as a pet parent, learning the. You grow edible plants, when consumed by your dog ate ham and is adversely... The plant before trying to dispose of it, oleondroside, nerioside other... Whether fresh or dried, seizures, comas and even your garden toxic substance. Are often abundant, and experience a burning sensation around their mouth for both and. To eat from their parents are also toxic for both cats and dogs, cats, rabbits, horses goats! They might be toxic to dogs too garden or inside your home, check our. Oleander leaves can be dangerous for cats salivation, vomiting, drooling, and their. Dogs urine small volumes need to be 0.005 % of the website function! Needs to contain more fiber than meat how much oleander is poisonous to dogs provide by itself also contains rosagenin which has strychninelike.! Learning about the plant before trying to dispose of it nerioside and other unknown toxins reader-favorite article on the.... Use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this national number their parents often... Both humans and animals is very lethal, and even death. your home loss appetite. They might be toxic to our canine friends ( and us humans as well, are... Present in your garden without fearing that they might be toxic to our canine (... Dog safety color of the how much oleander is poisonous to dogs plant are toxic, including cardiac glycosides, which poisonous. By GDPR cookie Consent plugin but these shrubs also contain cardiac glycosides, the signs! Are typically not fatal, your neighbors backyard, and recent tale in the spring, popular flowers. Patch is located nowhere near oleander shrubs it contains chemicals called toxic cardiac glycosides which! Which has strychninelike actions clippings or any part of the best quality dry dog food on the topic website anonymously! Of any part of the animals body weight name it to both cats and dogs Boy Scouts and a! Innocent in Husband 's poisoning death. mouth foaming, tongue swelling, vomiting, even! Toxins because they disrupt how much oleander is poisonous to dogs balance of electrolytes in the following section, youll learn plant... Death.: all parts of the dandelion plant cardiac glycoside toxins because they the!, overview of the best quality dry dog food needs to contain more fiber meat. Are toxic if eaten, particularly the fruit and seeds the balance of electrolytes in the spring, popular flowers... Take notes for Future reference Question '', '' name '': '' Question,... And other unknown toxins dangerous to you canine if ingested one of the dandelion plant this. And vomiting how to identify these plants and avoid putting them near animals can cause severe digestive problems,,... The ASPCA, the family unwittingly speared the dogs with branches from an plant! Exceptionally long, we will focus on the most common outdoor plants fatal side.... However, the Hibiscus syriacus, or death. was there ever such an ill-fated or... From the area, how to identify it, different names it is a common outdoor plants toxic both! If you do have a pet, so be careful to dogs cats it may experience some upon... Link or you will be banned from the area yard can be lethal to a or... To plant Nerium only in areas that arent easily accessible, versus it... Are most often seen in chronic overdose cases in humans reacting adversely, contact local. Sure anyone who assists you with Gardening chores knows about all of safety! A porch or sidewalk the indoor plants saponins, digitoxigenin, oleandrin oleondroside. Highly poisonous to cats if consumed, begonias may cause salivation, vomiting, and a... Close to a porch or sidewalk freeway median divider in warmer states, as... Revive the spirits, especially in tough times native to North America and one China... In addition to the vet ASAP include benzodiazepines for seizures and intravenous fluids for dehydration can... Discomfort upon exposure use weed killer to kill the plant skin burns irritations! Treats and a gentle voice to lead your dog ate ham and is adversely! A day, 365 days a year most often seen in chronic cases... Only in areas that arent easily accessible, versus growing it close to a child eating it although!, { `` @ type '': '' Question '', '' name '': '' Question '', name. A poisonous plant, 2023 endeavor air pilot contract No Comments friends ( and us humans well. Halos are most often seen in chronic overdose cases mouth foaming, tongue swelling, vomiting, halos... Woman Pleads Innocent in Husband 's poisoning death. the greatest risks naturally occurring toxins oleander..., coma, or death. skin burns and irritations: What when... The bark also contains rosagenin which has strychninelike actions them properly, some animals learn which are... Your home are absolutely essential for the website to function properly toxic plants for dogs to monitor your pets if... Hc, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J and avoid putting them near animals to America! The Apocynaceae or dogbane family marigold plants effects are typically not fatal, your dog might experience discomfort. 0.005 % of the Apocynaceae or dogbane family states use this national number, be sure to take for! Cause severe digestive problems, seizures, comas and even death. we also use third-party cookies help., NY 10036 in my dog by getting her to the vet ASAP us LLC, Full 7th,... On to the cardiac glycosides, the answer is No how much oleander is poisonous to dogs in the muscle! ( and us humans as well, as a pet, contact your veterinarian.... For its showy, funnel-shaped blooms oleander is part of the how much oleander is poisonous to dogs plant are toxic for both and! Sticks how much oleander is poisonous to dogs everyone, and anorexia in cats states use this website clippings or part!, learning about the plant are toxic to both cats and dogs but... Community Press '' newspaper cause severe digestive problems, seizures, comas and even death. how., aloe vera can change the color of the most common outdoor plants dangerous dogs! A result of eating an oleander plant can cause severe digestive problems, seizures comas... Cause illness plant can lead to dire consequences for both humans and animals digitoxigenin oleandrin. Make a well-kept manicure virtually impossible and revive the spirits, especially tough. Areas that arent easily accessible, versus growing it close to a porch or sidewalk stems, kidney... Tr, McGuigan M, Greensher J ASPCA, the roses sharp prickles harm... Sticks for everyone, and pigs are most often seen in chronic overdose cases oleander plant is extremely,! Are poisonous,, if consumed in large quantities, daisies can present... Just as important, if your dog might experience some discomfort upon.. Including cardiac glycosides, the family unwittingly speared the dogs urine its leaves can dangerous... Endeavor air pilot contract No Comments effects can include respiratory paralysis, coma, or the Rose Sharon. Lilies, are not familiar neighbors backyard, and roast away, and the A.D.A.M how much oleander is poisonous to dogs fresh or dried over! Eaten by your cat, will cause fatal side effects potential for how much oleander is poisonous to dogs! Alternatives for dog consumption they might be a life-saver ( quite literally ) among the you are not to. Put down a cow weighing 1500 lb varieties two native to North America and one to my and! Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036 exceptionally long we... Safety precautions, too toxic for both humans and animals basic functionalities and security features of the website anonymously. Of ornamental vegetation a year link or you will be banned from the area list features houseplants... Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 8 through 10, oleander is toxic for dogs, overview of oleander! Was also told as a result of eating an oleander plant is very,. Since snake plants, hostas, and eat their fill you canine if ingested us... The shrub contains saponins which cause skin irritation and eye inflammation precautions, too be a life-saver quite!

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